Electrolyte solutions for high cathode materials and methods for use
View Patent ↗Described herein are materials for use in electrolytes that provide a number of desirable characteristics when implemented within batteries, such as high stability during battery cycling up to high temperatures, high voltages, high discharge capacity, high coulombic efficiency, and excellent retention of discharge capacity and coulombic efficiency over several cycles of charging and discharging. In some embodiments, a high voltage electrolyte includes a base electrolyte and a set of additive compounds, which impart these desirable performance characteristics.
1. A battery comprising:
an anode;
a cathode; and
an electrolyte solution comprising a lithium salt, a non-aqueous solvent, and a polymer additive having at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of carbazoles, sulfones, fluorinated ethers, phosphazenes, maleic anhydrides and combinations thereof, wherein the polymer additive is present in the electrolyte solution prior to battery cycling and soluble in the non-aqueous solvent;
wherein the polymer additive comprises a polymer selected from the group consisting of poly(9-vinylcarbazole), poly(methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic anhydride), poly(oxy-1,4-phenylenesulfonyl-1,4-phenylene), poly(1-hexadecene-sulfone), and poly(bis(4-(ethoxycarbonyl)phenoxy)phosphazene).
2. The battery of claim 1 wherein the battery is characterized by a rated charge voltage greater than about 4.2 V.
3. The battery of claim 1 wherein the battery is characterized by a rated charge voltage greater than about 4.5 V.
4. The battery of claim 1 wherein the battery is characterized by a rated charge voltage greater than about 4.7 V.
5. The battery of claim 1 wherein the battery is characterized by a rated charge voltage greater than about 4.9 V.
6. The battery of claim 1 wherein the cathode comprises nickel, manganese, and cobalt.
7. A method of making a high voltage battery, comprising:
providing an electrolyte solution comprising a lithium salt, a non-aqueous solvent, and a polymer additive having at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of carbazoles, sulfones, fluorinated ethers, phosphazenes, maleic anhydrides and combinations thereof, wherein the polymer additive is soluble in the non-aqueous solvent and wherein the polymer additive comprises a polymer selected from the group consisting of poly(9-vinylcarbazole), poly(methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic anhydride), poly(oxy-1,4-phenylenesulfonyl-1,4-phenylene), poly(1-hexadecene-sulfone), and poly(bis(4-(ethoxycarbonyl)phenoxy)phosphazene);
providing an anode;
providing a cathode;
assembling the anode and cathode and optionally a separator into an electrochemical cell;
adding the electrolyte solution to the cell; and
sealing the cell to form the high voltage.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein the cathode comprises nickel, manganese, and cobalt.
9. The battery of claim 1 wherein the functional group comprises a carbazole.
10. The battery of claim 1 wherein the functional group comprises a sulfone.
11. The battery of claim 1 wherein the functional group comprises a fluorinated ether.
12. The battery of claim 1 wherein the functional group comprises a phosphazene.
13. The battery of claim 1 wherein the functional group comprises a maleic anhydride.
14. The battery of claim 1 wherein the additive comprises poly(9-vinylcarbazole).
15. The battery of claim 1 wherein the additive comprises poly(methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic anhydride).
16. The battery of claim 1 wherein the additive comprises poly(oxy-1,4-phenylenesulfonyl-1,4-phenylene).
17. The battery of claim 1 wherein the additive comprises poly(1-hexadecene-sulfone).
18. The battery of claim 1 wherein the additive comprises poly(hexafluoropropylene oxide).
19. The battery of claim 1 wherein the additive comprises poly(bis(4-(ethoxycarbonyl)phenoxy)phosphazene).
20. The method of claim 7 wherein the functional group comprises a carbazole.
21. The method of claim 7 wherein the functional group comprises a sulfone.
22. The method of claim 7 wherein the functional group comprises a fluorinated ether.
23. The method of claim 7 wherein the functional group comprises a phosphazene.
24. The method of claim 7 wherein the functional group comprises a maleic anhydride.
25. The method of claim 7 wherein the additive comprises poly(9-vinylcarbazole).
26. The method of claim 7 wherein the additive comprises poly(methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic anhydride).
27. The method of claim 7 wherein the additive comprises poly(oxy-1,4-phenylenesulfonyl-1,4-phenylene).
28. The method of claim 7 wherein the additive comprises poly(1-hexadecene-sulfone).
29. The method of claim 7 wherein the additive comprises poly(hexafluoropropylene oxide).
30. The method of claim 7 wherein the additive comprises poly(bis(4-(ethoxycarbonyl)phenoxy)phosphazene).