Centrifugal pump impellor with novel balancing holes that improve pump efficiency
A centrifugal pump impellor includes balancing holes that reduce axial thrust while minimizing the loss of pump efficiency. In one general aspect, the balancing holes penetrate the rear shroud between the blades, and are angled in both axial and rotational directions so as to direct the leakage fluid approximately parallel to the primary process fluid, so that it causes minimal interference with the primary fluid flow. In a second general aspect, the balancing holes extend from the rear cavity within the impellor blades and through the leading edges of the blades, thereby entering the primary flow in locations where the process fluid is almost static relative to the blades. This minimizes the impact on the flow of the process fluid past the blades, and thereby minimizes the loss of pump efficiency caused by the balance holes. In embodiments, each blade leading edge includes a plurality of balancing hole outlets.
1. A centrifugal pump, the centrifugal pump comprising:
a housing;
a drive shaft penetrating a rear wall of the housing, the drive shaft being rotatable about a central axis thereof;
an impellor contained within the housing, the impellor comprising:
a substantially cylindrical central hub mounted on the drive shaft and concentric with the central axis thereof;
a rear shroud having a front surface and a rear surface, a rear cavity being formed between the housing and the rear surface of the rear shroud;
a plurality of blades symmetrically surrounding the central axis and extending outward from the central hub, the blades having rear edges fixed to the front surface of the rear shroud, the blades being configured to impart rotation to process fluid located near the rear shroud central axis, and to cause the process fluid to flow outward between the blades due to centrifugal acceleration;
at least one balancing hole, each of the balancing holes penetrating the rear shroud and continuing within a respective one of the blades, each of the balancing holes having a rear end penetrating the rear shroud and at least one front outlet penetrating a leading edge of the respective blade, each of the balancing holes being thereby configured to direct leakage fluid from the rear cavity through the front outlet in the leading edge of the respective blade;
the rear cavity being isolated from fluid communication except for the fluid communication through the at least one balancing hole and leakage of process fluid between the rear shroud and the housing;
an inlet that directs process fluid toward a central region of the rear shroud; and
an outlet that collects and emits process fluid near an outer perimeter of the impellor.
2. The centrifugal pump of claim 1 , wherein the impellor further comprises a front shroud attached to front edges of the blades and having a front shroud central axis that is coincident with the central axis of the drive shaft.
3. The centrifugal pump of claim 1 , wherein the impellor includes a plurality of balancing holes penetrating the rear shroud, the balancing holes and the blades being equal in number, each balancing hole penetrating through a corresponding blade.
4. The centrifugal pump of claim 1 , wherein the balancing hole includes a plurality of front outlets in the leading edge of the blade.