Process of dehydration reactions
The present invention relates to the production of acrolein, acrylic acid or methacrylic acid by dehydration reaction of renewable raw material such as glycerin or hydroxycarboxylic acids, in the presence of a novel catalyst system supported on a carrier having a bimodal structure and a high pore volume and distribution. The dehydration reactions can be carried out for longer operation duration, so that acrolein, acrylic acid or methacrylic acid can be produced at higher productivity and for longer running time.
1. A process for preparing acrolein by catalytic dehydration reaction of glycerin comprising the step of dehydrating glycerin in the presence of a supported catalyst comprising a W-containing metal oxide supported on a bipore or bimodal porous carrier, said porous carrier being made of TiO 2 or a compound which is a mixture of TiO 2 and at least one metal oxide selected from SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 or Nb 2 O 5 , wherein the W-containing metal oxide is represented by formula (I):
A a X b W c Z d O e (I)
wherein A is a cation selected from the group consisting of elements of Periodic Table Groups 1 to 16, X is selected from the group consisting of P, Si, Mo and V, W is tungsten, Z is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ti, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn, Ga, Sn, Bi, Sb, Ce, Mg, Cs and K, a, b, c and d satisfy the following ranges: 0≦a<9; 0≦b≦1; 0<c≦20; 0≦d≦20; and e is a value determined by oxidation numbers of each element and which is not 0; and
wherein a ratio in the pore volume of macropores having a pore size of not smaller than 50 nm to the pore volume of mesopores having a pore size of from larger than 2 nm to smaller than 50 nm being higher than 0.5, the pore volume of said porous carrier being higher than or equal to 0.30 cm 3 /g, the pore volume being measured by the mercury intrusion method, and wherein a mean pore diameter of said porous carrier measured by the mercury intrusion method is between 30 nm to 100 nm.
2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the supported catalyst comprises another metal oxide, in addition to said W-containing metal oxide, of at least one metal selected from the group consisting of P, Si, Mo, and V.
3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the pore volume of said porous carrier measured by mercury intrusion method is higher than 0.30 cm 3 /g.
4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the mean pore diameter of said porous carrier measured by the mercury intrusion method is larger than 50 nm.
5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein a salt of at least one element selected from elements belonging to Periodic Table Groups 1 to 16 is added to the catalyst other than the carrier.
6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein said metal oxide represented by the formula (I) has a weight that is from 1% to 90% of the weight of said carrier.
7. A process for preparing acrylic acid from glycerin comprising a first step of catalytic dehydration of glycerin according to claim 1 to form a gaseous reaction product containing acrolein and a second step of gas phase oxidation of the gaseous reaction product containing acrolein formed by the dehydration reaction.
8. The process according to claim 7 , further comprising an intermediate step of partial condensation and removal of water and heavy by-products issuing from the dehydration step.
9. The process according to claim 8 , further comprising steps of (i) collecting resultant acrylic acid as a solution-containing-acrylic acid by using water or a solvent and (ii) purifying solution-containing-acrylic acid using distillation and/or crystallization.
10. A process for preparing acrylonitrile from glycerin comprising a first step of catalytic dehydration of glycerin according to claim 1 and a second step of ammoxidation of gaseous reaction product containing acrolein formed by the dehydration.
11. A process for preparing acrylic acid and methacrylic acid by catalytic dehydration reaction of hydroxycarboxylic acid, wherein the dehydration reaction of hydroxycarboxylic acid is carried out in the presence of a supported catalyst comprising a W-containing metal oxide supported on a bipore or bimodal porous carrier, said porous carrier containing at least one metal oxide selected from the group consisting of TiO 2 , SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 and Nb 2 O 5 , a ratio of the pore volume of macropores having a pore size of not smaller than 50 nm to the pore volume of mesopores having a pore size of from larger than 2 nm to smaller than 50 nm being higher than 0.5, the pore volume being measured by the mercury intrusion method, and wherein a mean pore diameter of said porous carrier measured by the mercury intrusion method is between 30 nm to 100 nm.