Electrolyte solution for electrochemical devices

1. An electrolytic solution for an electrochemical device comprising

(1) a supporting electrolyte comprising a magnesium salt and

(2) at least one or more kinds of the compounds represented by the following general formula [2]:

wherein l, m and n each independently represent an integer of 0 to 2;

R 1 and R 2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon numbers or a halogenoalkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon numbers;

R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon numbers, a halogenoalkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon numbers or a hydroxyl group;

R 7 represents an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon numbers, an aralkyloxy group having 7 to 12 carbon numbers, an aryloxy group having 6 to 10 carbon numbers, an aryloxy group having 6 to 10 carbon numbers which has a halogen atom as substituent, an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 4 carbon numbers, a hydroxyalkenyl group having 2 to 4 carbon numbers, an alkylcarbonyl group having 2 to 7 carbon numbers, an alkylcarbonyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon numbers, an alkenylcarbonyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon numbers, an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 7 carbon numbers, an alkylsulfonyl group having 1 to 4 carbon numbers, an alkylsilyloxy group having 1 to 6 carbon numbers, an alkylthio group having 1 to 4 carbon numbers, an arylcarbonyl group having 7 to 11 carbon numbers, an arylcarbonyloxy group having 7 to 11 carbon numbers, an aryloxycarbonyl group having 7 to 11 carbon numbers, a hydroxyalkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon numbers, an alkoxyalkyl group having 2 to 7 carbon numbers, an arylalkenyloxy group having 8 to 13 carbon numbers, an alkylsulfonyloxy group having 1 to 6 carbon numbers, a hydroxyaralkyloxy group having 7 to 12 carbon numbers, a hydroxyaryl group having 6 to 10 carbon numbers, a hydroxyaryloxy group having 6 to 10 carbon numbers, a hydroxyalkylcarbonyl group having 2 to 7 carbon numbers, an alkoxyarylalkyloxy group having 8 to 16 carbon numbers, an alkoxyaryl group having 7 to 13 carbon numbers, an alkoxyaryloxy group having 7 to 13 carbon numbers, an alkoxyalkenyl group having 3 to 7 carbon numbers, an alkoxyalkylcarbonyloxy group having 3 to 7 carbon numbers, an alkoxyalkenylcarbonyloxy group having 4 to 8 carbon numbers, an alkoxyalkyloxycarbonyl group having 3 to 7 carbon numbers, an alkoxyalkylcarbonyl group having 3 to 7 carbon numbers,

a phosphono group represented by the following general formula [3]:

wherein R 8 and R 9 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon numbers,

an amide group represented by the following general formula [4]:

wherein R 10 and R 11 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon numbers,

a carbamide group represented by the following general formula [5]:

wherein R 12 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon numbers, R 13 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon numbers,

the group represented by the following general formula [6]:

O—R 14 p OR 15   [6]

wherein p represents an integer of 1 to 6, R 14 each independently represents an alkylene group or a halogenoalkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon numbers when p is 2 to 5, R 15 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon numbers, or a halogenoalkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon numbers,

a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a sulfo group, an amino group, an amino group having an alkyl group which has 1 to 6 carbon numbers as substituent, a cyano group, a thiol group, a monocyclic heterocyclic group, a group derived from cyclic acetal, a group derived from cyclic carbonate, or a group derived from cyclic carboxylate, or a cycloalkyl group having 5 to 6 carbon numbers, which has an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon numbers, an amino group or a hydroxyl group as substituent, an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon numbers, a monocyclic heterocyclic group, a group derived from cyclic acetal, a group derived from cyclic carbonate or a group derived from cyclic carboxylate.

2. The electrolytic solution according to claim 1 , wherein R 1 and R 2 are a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.

3. The electrolytic solution according to claim 1 , wherein R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 are each independently a hydrogen atom.

4. The electrolytic solution according to claim 1 , wherein R 7 is an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon numbers, an alkylcarbonyloxy group having 2 to 7 carbon numbers, an alkenyloxy group having 2 to 4 carbon numbers, a hydroxyalkenyl group having 2 to 4 carbon numbers, an alkylcarbonyl group having 2 to 7 carbon numbers, an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 7 carbon numbers, the group represented by the general formula [3], the group represented by the general formula [6], a hydroxyl group or a cyano group.

5. The electrolytic solution according to claim 1 , wherein n is 0.

6. The electrolytic solution according to claim 1 , wherein the supporting electrolyte is comprising at least one kind of magnesium salt represented by the following general formula [1]:

Mg X q   [1]

wherein Mg represents a magnesium ion, q represents 1 or 2, and

when q is 1, X represents oxide ion(O 2− ), sulfide ion(S 2− ), sulfate ion(SO 4 2− ), monohydrogen phosphate ion(HPO 4 2− ), or carbonate ion(CO 3 2− ), which is a divalent anion,

and when q is 2, X represents a perfluoroalkane sulfonate ion having 1 to 4 carbon numbers, a bis(perfluoroalkanesulfonyl)imide ion represented by the following general formula [7]:

wherein k represents an integer of 1 to 4, F represents a fluorine atom,

a bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide ion, an alkane sulfonate ion having 1 to 4 carbon numbers, an arene sulfonate ion having 6 to 10 carbon numbers, a perfluoroalkane carboxylate ion having 2 to 5 carbon numbers, an alkane carboxylate ion having 2 to 5 carbon numbers, an arene carboxylate ion having 7 to 11 carbon numbers, an alkoxide ion having 1 to 4 carbon numbers, a permanganate ion, a perchlorate ion, a tetraphenylborate ion, a tetrafluoroborate ion, a hexafluorophosphate ion, a hexafluoroarsenate ion, a nitrate ion, a dihydrogen phosphate ion, a hydrogen sulfate ion, a hydrogen carbonate ion, a hydrogen sulfide ion, a hydroxide ion(OH − ), a thiocyanate ion, a cyanide ion(CN − ), a fluoride ion(F − ), a chloride ion(Cl − ), a bromide ion(Br − ), an iodide ion(I − ), or a hydride ion(H − ), which is a monovalent anion.

7. The electrolytic solution according to claim 1 , wherein concentration of the supporting electrolyte is 0.1 to 5.0 mol/L.

8. The electrolytic solution according to claim 1 , further comprising (3) solvent.

9. The electrolytic solution according to claim 8 , wherein the solvent comprises dimethoxyethane, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, propylene carbonate, acetonitrile, butyrolactone, ethanol, ethyl acetate, propionitrile, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate, or tetraethylammonium trifluoromethanesulfonate.

10. An electrochemical device comprising the electrolytic solution according to claim 1 , positive electrode, negative electrode and separator.