Metal complexes

1. A compound of the formula (1),

where the following applies to the symbols used:

M is selected on each occurrence, identically or differently, from the group consisting of platinum, palladium, nickel, rhodium, iridium and gold;

X is on each occurrence, identically or differently, CR 1 or N;

Y is C═O, BR, SiR 2 , NR, PR, P(═O)R, CR═CR, CR 2 —CR 2 or CR═N; or Y stands for a group of the formula (2),

 where the dashed bonds indicate the linking of this group;

D is on each occurrence, identically or differently, C or N;

E is C if the ring in which this E is bonded is an aromatic or heteroaromatic six-membered ring; or is C or N if the ring in which this E is bonded is a heteroaromatic five-membered ring;

Ar 1 is on each occurrence, identically or differently, together with D and E, an aryl or heteroaryl group comprising a five or six-membered aromatic ring having D and E as members of the ring, wherein the aryl or heteroaryl group is optionally substituted by one or more radicals R 1 ; adjacent groups Ar 1 and Ar 2 here may also be linked to one another by two radicals R 1 , which are linked to one another, or by a group CR 2 ═N;

Ar 2 is on each occurrence, identically or differently, together with D and E, an aryl or heteroaryl group comprising a five or six-membered aromatic ring having D and E as members of the ring, wherein the aryl or heteroaryl group is optionally substituted by one or more radicals R 1 ; adjacent groups Ar 2 and Ar 1 here may also be linked to one another by two radicals R 1 , which are linked to one another, or by a group CR 2 ═N;

R is on each occurrence, identically or differently, H, D, F, N(R 2 ) 2 , CN, C(═O)N(R 2 ) 2 , Si(R 2 ) 3 , B(OR 2 ) 2 , C(═O)R 2 , P(═O)(R 2 ) 2 , S(═O)R 2 , S(═O) 2 R 2 , a straight-chain alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkoxy group having 1 to 20 C atoms or an alkenyl or alkynyl group having 2 to 20 C atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkoxy group having 3 to 20 C atoms, each of which is optionally substituted by one or more radicals R 2 , where one or more non-adjacent CH 2 groups is optionally replaced by R 2 C═CR 2 , C≡C, Si(R 2 ) 2 , C═O, NR 2 , O, S or CONR 2 and where one or more H atoms is optionally replaced by D, F, Cl, Br, I or CN, or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which may in each case be substituted by one or more radicals R 2 , or an aryloxy or heteroaryloxy group having 5 to 40 aromatic ring atoms, which is optionally substituted by one or more radicals R 2 , or an aralkyl or heteroaralkyl group having 5 to 40 aromatic ring atoms, which is optionally substituted by one or more radicals R 2 ; two radicals R here which are bonded to the same C or Si atom may also form a mono- or polycyclic, aliphatic or aromatic ring system with one another;

R 1 is on each occurrence, identically or differently, H, D, F, Cl, Br, I, N(R 2 ) 2 , CN, NO 2 , OH, COOH, C(═O)N(R 2 ) 2 , Si(R 2 ) 3 , B(OR 2 ) 2 , C(═O)R 2 , P(═O)(R 2 ) 2 , S(═O)R 2 , S(═O) 2 R 2 , OSO 2 R 2 , a straight-chain alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkoxy group having 1 to 20 C atoms or an alkenyl or alkynyl group having 2 to 20 C atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkoxy group having 3 to 20 C atoms, each of which is optionally substituted by one or more radicals R 2 , where one or more non-adjacent CH 2 groups is optionally replaced by R 2 C═CR 2 , C≡C, Si(R 2 ) 2 , C═O, NR 2 , O, S or CONR 2 and where one or more H atoms is optionally replaced by D, F, Cl, Br, I or CN, or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which may in each case be substituted by one or more radicals R 2 , or an aryloxy or heteroaryloxy group having 5 to 40 aromatic ring atoms, which is optionally substituted by one or more radicals R 2 , or an aralkyl or heteroaralkyl group having 5 to 40 aromatic ring atoms, which is optionally substituted by one or more radicals R 2 ; two adjacent radicals R 1 here may also form a mono- or polycyclic, aliphatic or aromatic ring system with one another; furthermore, the radicals R 1 which are bonded to adjacent groups Ar 1 and Ar 2 may also form a mono- or polycyclic, aliphatic or aromatic ring system with one another; furthermore, two radicals R 1 on the two groups Ar 2 may also form a ring system with one another;

R 2 is on each occurrence, identically or differently, H, D, F, Cl, Br, I, N(R 3 ) 2 , CN, NO 2 , Si(R 3 ) 3 , B(OR 3 ) 2 , C(═O)R 3 , P(═O)(R 3 ) 2 , S(═O)R 3 , S(═O) 2 R 3 , OSO 2 R 3 , a straight-chain alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkoxy group having 1 to 20 C atoms or an alkenyl or alkynyl group having 2 to 20 C atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl, alkoxy or thioalkoxy group having 3 to 20 C atoms, each of which is optionally substituted by one or more radicals R 3 , where one or more non-adjacent CH 2 groups is optionally replaced by R 3 C═CR 3 , C≡C, Si(R 3 ) 2 , C═O, NR 3 , O, S or CONR 3 and where one or more H atoms is optionally replaced by D, F, Cl, Br, I, CN or NO 2 , or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 60 aromatic ring atoms, which may in each case be substituted by one or more radicals R 3 , or an aryloxy or heteroaryloxy group having 5 to 40 aromatic ring atoms, which is optionally substituted by one or more radicals R 3 , or an aralkyl or heteroaralkyl group having 5 to 40 aromatic ring atoms, which is optionally substituted by one or more radicals R 3 ; two or more adjacent radicals R 2 here may form a mono- or polycyclic, aliphatic ring system with one another;

R 3 is on each occurrence, identically or differently, H, D, F or an aliphatic, aromatic and/or heteroaromatic radical having 1 to 20 C atoms, in which, in addition, one or more H atoms is optionally replaced by F; two or more substituents R 3 here may also form a mono- or polycyclic, aliphatic ring system with one another;

two groups Ar 2 here may also be bridged to one another by a group Y.

2. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein M is selected from the group consisting of Pt(II), Pd(II), Ni(II), Rh(I), Ir(I) and Au(III).

3. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein M is Pt(II).

4. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein the compound is selected from the structures of the formula (3), (4), (5) or (6),

where the symbols used have the meanings given in claim 1 .

5. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein the compound is selected from the structures of the formulae (3a), (4a), (5a) and (6a),

where R 1 stands for H.

6. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein E stands for C.

7. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein all groups Ar 1 are selected identically and are identically substituted and in that all groups Ar 2 are selected identically and are identically substituted.

8. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein Ar 1 is selected, identically or differently on each occurrence, from the structures of the formulae (8), (10)-(12), (14), (16)-(17), (19)-(20), (24)-(26h),

and in that Ar 2 is selected, identically or differently on each occurrence, from the structures of the formulae (28)-(30), (32)-(34), (36), (38)-(40) and (43)-(48d),

where the bond to the carbon atom of the bridgehead, to M and to Ar 1 or to Ar 2 is in each case indicated by dashed bonds and X and R 1 having the meaning given in claim 1 ; V stands on each occurrence, identically or differently, for O, S, NR 1 or C(R 1 ) 2 .

9. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein adjacent groups Ar 1 and Ar 2 form a ring with one another, where the ring closure takes place via a group CR 2 ═CR 2 , CR 2 ═N, C(R 2 ) 2 —C(R 2 ) 2 , C(═O)—O or C(═O)—NR 2 .

10. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein one or both groups Ar 1 -Ar 2 are selected from the groups of the formulae (51) to (59),

where the bond to the metal or to the bridgehead carbon atom are in each case indicated by dashed bonds, Z stands on each occurrence, identically or differently, for CR 2 or N, where a maximum of one group Z stands for N, and the other symbols have the meanings given in claim 1 .

11. A process for the preparation of the compound according to claim 1 , which comprises reacting the corresponding ligand with a metal starting material.

12. A formulation comprising at least one compound according to claim 1 and at least one solvent.

13. The formulation according to claim 12 , wherein the formulation is a solution or a suspension.

14. An electronic device comprising the compound according to claim 1 .

15. The electronic device as claimed in claim 14 , wherein the device is selected from the group consisting of an organic electroluminescent device, an organic integrated circuit, an organic field-effect transistor, an organic thin-film transistor, an organic light-emitting transistor, an organic solar cell, an organic optical detector, an organic photoreceptor, an organic field-quench device, a light-emitting electrochemical cell and an organic laser diode.

16. An organic electroluminescent device which comprises employing the compound according to claim 1 as emitting compound in one or more emitting layers.

17. An electronic device which comprises the compound according to claim 1 employed in combination with one or more matrix materials.

18. The electronic device according to claim 17 , wherein said one or more matrix materials, is selected from the group consisting of ketones, phosphine oxides, sulfoxides, sulfones, triarylamines, carbazole derivatives, indolocarbazole derivatives, indenocarbazole derivatives, azacarbazoles, bipolar matrix materials, silanes, azaboroles, boronic esters, diazasilole derivatives, diazaphosphole derivatives, triazine derivatives, zinc complexes, dibenzofuran derivatives and bridged carbazole derivatives.

19. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein the compound is uncharged and the following furthermore applies:

M is selected from the group consisting of Pt(II), Pd(II), Ni(II), Rh(I), Ir(I) and Au(III);

Y is selected from the group consisting of C═O and NR;

X is, identically or differently on each occurrence, CR 1 or N, wherein a maximum of two symbols X per ring stand for N and the other symbols X stand for CR 1 ;

Ar 1 is selected, identically or differently on each occurrence, from the structures of the formulae (8), (10)-(12), (14), (16)-(17), (19)-(20), (24)-(26h);

Ar 2 is selected, identically or differently on each occurrence, from the structures of the formulae (28)-(30), (32)-(34), (36), (38)-(40) and (43)-(48d);

or

Ar 1 -Ar 2 is selected, identically or differently on each occurrence, from the structures of the formulae (51) to (59)

where the bond to the metal or to the bridgehead carbon atom are in each case indicated by dashed bonds, Z stands on each occurrence, identically or differently, for CR 2 or N, where a maximum of one group Z stands for N;

R 1 is selected on each occurrence, identically or differently, from the group consisting of H, D, F, N(R 2 ) 2 , CN, C(═O)R 2 , a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 10 C atoms or an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 C atoms or a branched or cyclic alkyl group having 3 to 10 C atoms, each of which is optionally substituted by one or more radicals R 2 , where one or more H atoms is optionally replaced by D or F, or an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 30 aromatic ring atoms, which may in each case be substituted by one or more radicals R 2 ;

R stands for an aromatic or heteroaromatic ring system having 5 to 18 aromatic ring atoms, which may in each case be substituted by one or more radicals R 2 and which contains no condensed aryl or heteroaryl groups.

20. The compound according to claim 1 , wherein Ar 1 is selected, identically or differently on each occurrence, from the structures of the formulae (7), (9), (13), (15), (18) and (21)-(23),

and in that Ar 2 is selected, identically or differently on each occurrence, from the structures of the formulae (27), (31), (35), (37), (41), (42), (49) and (50) (41) and (42)

or Ar 1 -Ar 2 is selected, identically or differently on each occurrence, from the structures of the formulae (49) and (50)

where the bond to the carbon atom of the bridgehead, to M and to Ar 1 or to Ar 2 is in each case indicated by dashed bonds and X and R 1 having the meaning given in claim 1 ; V stands on each occurrence, identically or differently, for O, S, NR 1 or C(R 1 ) 2 ; and Z stands on each occurrence, identically or differently, for CR 2 or N, where a maximum of one group Z stands for N.