Induction sealing of inorganic substrates

1. A method of sealing at least two inorganic substrates together using an induction energy source comprising:

a. providing at least two inorganic substrates;

b. applying to at least one of the at least two substrates a paste composition including:

i. a glass frit, and

ii. an induction coupling additive,

iii. a manganese-containing constituent selected from the group consisting of bismuth manganese pigments, perovskite manganites, Bi 2 Mn 4 O 10 , Bi 12 MnO 20 and a bismuth-manganese pigment having a mole ratio of Bi 2 O 3 to MnO 2 of 5:1 to 1:5,

c. prefiring the paste composition on the substrate,

d. bringing at least a second substrate into contact with the paste composition, and

e. subjecting the substrates and paste composition to induction heating, thereby forming a hermetic seal between the two inorganic substrates.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the glass frit is selected from the group consisting of bismuth glass, lead glass, zinc glass, barium glass, calcium glass, alkali silicate glasses, vanadium glass, telluride glass, phosphate glass and combinations thereof.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the induction coupling additive is selected from the group consisting of ferrites, Ni—Zn ferrites, Mn—Zn ferrites, Mg—Mn ferrites, ferritic stainless steel, 430 stainless steel, copper, aluminum, silver, ferromagnetic materials, Fe 3 O 4 , Fe 2 O 3 glasses, Fe 2 O 3 glass-ceramics, Co 2 O 3 glasses, Co 2 O 3 glass-ceramics, MnO glasses, MnO-glass ceramics, MgO 0.5 MnO 0.5 Fe 2 O 3 and combinations thereof.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein a vacuum or inert atmosphere is sealed in a cavity bounded by the at least two inorganic substrates and a seal formed by the induction heating of the paste.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the glass frit is a lead-free and cadmium-free sealing glass composition, comprising, prior to firing,

a. 25-65 mol % Bi 2 O 3 ,

b. 3-60 mol % ZnO

c. 4-65 mol % B 2 O 3 ,

d. 0.1-15 mol % of at least one selected from the group consisting of CuO, Fe 2 O 3 , Co 2 O 3 , Cr 2 O 3 , and combinations thereof,

e. no intentionally added oxides of silicon, and

f. no intentionally added oxides of aluminum.

6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the induction coupling additive is selected from the group consisting of ferrites, Ni—Zn ferrites, Mn—Zn ferrites, Mg—Mn ferrites, ferritic stainless steel, 430 stainless steel, copper, aluminum, silver, ferromagnetic materials, Fe 3 O 4 , Fe 2 O 3 glasses, Fe 2 O 3 glass-ceramics, Co 2 O 3 glasses, Co 2 O 3 glass-ceramics, MnO glasses, MnO-glass ceramics, MgO 0.5 MnO 0.5 Fe 2 O 3 and combinations thereof.

7. The method of claim 5 , wherein a vacuum or inert atmosphere is sealed in a cavity bounded by the at least two inorganic substrates and the seal formed by the induction heating of the paste.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the glass frit is a lead-free and cadmium-free sealing glass composition, comprising, prior to firing,

a. 5-65 mol % ZnO,

b. 10-65 mol % SiO 2 ,

c. 5-55 mol % B 2 O 3 +Al 2 O 3 ,

d. 0.1-45 mol % of at least one selected from the group consisting of Li 2 O, Na 2 O, K 2 O, Cs 2 O, and combinations thereof,

e. 0.1-20 mol % of at least one selected from the group consisting of MgO, CaO, BaO, SrO and combinations thereof, and

f. 0.1-40 mol % of at least one selected from the group consisting of TeO 2 , Tl 2 O, V 2 O 5 , Ta 2 O 5 , GeO 2 and combinations thereof.

9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the induction coupling additive is selected from the group consisting of ferrites, Ni—Zn ferrites, Mn—Zn ferrites, Mg—Mn ferrites, ferritic stainless steel, 430 stainless steel, copper, aluminum, silver, ferromagnetic materials, Fe 3 O 4 , Fe 2 O 3 glasses, Fe 2 O 3 glass-ceramics, Co 2 O 3 glasses, Co 2 O 3 glass-ceramics, MnO glasses, MnO-glass ceramics, MgO 0.5 MnO 0.5 Fe 2 O 3 and combinations thereof.

10. The method of claim 8 , wherein a vacuum or inert atmosphere is sealed in a cavity bounded by the at least two inorganic substrates and the seal formed by the induction heating of the paste.

11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the glass frit is a lead-free and cadmium-free sealing glass composition, comprising, prior to firing,

a. 5-55 mol % Li 2 O+Na 2 O+K 2 O,

b. 2-26 mol % TiO 2 ,

c. 5-75 mol % B 2 O 3 +SiO 2 ,

d. 0.1-30 mol % of at least one selected from the group consisting of V 2 O 5 , Sb 2 O 5 , P 2 O 5 , and combinations thereof,

e. 0.1-20 mol % of at least one selected from the group consisting of MgO, CaO, BaO, SrO, and combinations thereof,

f. 0.1-40 mol % of at least one selected from the group consisting of TeO 2 , Tl 2 O, Ta 2 O 5 , GeO 2 and combinations thereof, and

g. 0.1-20 mol % F.

12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the induction coupling additive is selected from the group consisting of ferrites, Ni—Zn ferrites, Mn—Zn ferrites, Mg—Mn ferrites, ferritic stainless steel, 430 stainless steel, copper, aluminum, silver, ferromagnetic materials, Fe 3 O 4 , Fe 2 O 3 glasses, Fe 2 O 3 glass-ceramics, Co 2 O 3 glasses, Co 2 O 3 glass-ceramics, MnO glasses, MnO-glass ceramics, MgO 0.5 MnO 0.5 Fe 2 O 3 and combinations thereof.

13. The method of claim 11 , wherein a vacuum or inert atmosphere is sealed in a cavity bounded by the at least two inorganic substrates and a seal formed by the induction heating of the paste.

14. The method of claim 1 , wherein:

the paste composition is applied to two inorganic substrates,

the method further comprises applying a metal foil between the paste composition of the two substrates,

step e includes subjecting the metal foil to induction heating, and

the hermetic seal includes the metal foil.

15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the hermetic seal includes a conductive circuit feed-through.

16. A method of sealing at least two inorganic substrates together using an induction energy source comprising:

a. providing at least two inorganic substrates;

b. applying to at least one of the at least two substrates a paste composition including:

i. a glass frit, and

ii. an induction coupling additive,

c. prefiring the paste composition on the substrate,

d. bringing at least a second substrate into contact with the paste composition, and

e. subjecting the substrates and paste composition to induction heating, thereby forming a hermetic seal between the two inorganic substrates,

wherein the glass frit is a lead-free and cadmium-free sealing glass composition comprising, prior to firing,

I. 25-65 mol % Bi 2 O 3 ,

II. 3-60 mol % ZnO

III. 4-65 mol % B 2 O 3 ,

IV. 0.1-15 mol % of at least one selected from the group consisting of CuO, Fe 2 O 3 , Co 2 O 3 , Cr 2 O 3 , and combinations thereof,

V. no intentionally added oxides of silicon,

VI. no intentionally added oxides of aluminum, and

VII. a manganese-containing constituent selected from the group consisting of bismuth manganese pigments, perovskite manganites, Bi 2 Mn 4 O 10 , Bi 12 MnO 20 and a bismuth-manganese pigment having a mole ratio of Bi 2 O 3 to MnO 2 of 5:1 to 1:5.