Methods and means to modify a plant genome

1. A method for modifying the genome of a plant cell at a predefined site comprising:

a. inducing a double stranded DNA break within 1 kb of or at said predefined site, said double stranded break being induced by the introduction into said cell of a double stranded DNA break inducing (DSBI) enzyme which recognizes a recognition sequence within 1 kb of or at said predefined site; and

b. selecting a plant cell wherein said double stranded DNA break has been repaired resulting in a modification in the genome at said predefined site, wherein said modification is

i. a replacement of at least one nucleotide;

ii. a deletion of at least one nucleotide;

iii. an insertion of at least one nucleotide; or

iv. any combination of i.-iii.;

wherein said recognition sequence comprises the nucleotide sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 or SEQ ID NO: 2.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said DSBI enzyme is a single chain meganuclease or a pair of meganucleases which recognizes or recognize in concert said predefined site and induces or induce said double stranded break.

3. The method of claim 2 , wherein said meganuclease or pair of meganucleases is/are derived from I-CreI and wherein the following amino acids are present in meganuclease unit 1:

a. S at position 32;

b. Y at position 33;

c. Q at position 38;

d. Q at position 80;

e. S at position 40;

f. T at position 42;

g. R at position 77;

h. Y at position 68;

i. Q at position 70;

j. H at position 75;

k. T at position 44;

l. I at position 24;

m. Q at position 26;

n. K at position 28; or

o. N at position 30;

or combinations thereof;

and wherein the following amino acids are present in meganuclease unit 2;

p. S at position 70;

q. Q at position 44;

r. K at position 24;

s. A at position 26;

t. K at position 28;

u. N at position 30;

v. S at position 32;

w. Y at position 33;

x. Q at position 38;

y. Q at position 80;

z. S at position 40;

aa. T at position 42;

bb. Q at position 77; or

cc. Y at position 68;

or combinations thereof.

4. The method of claim 2 , wherein said meganuclease or pair of meganucleases comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO; 6 from amino acid position 11-165 and from position 204-360.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein prior to step b, a repair DNA molecule is delivered into said cell, said repair DNA molecule being used as a template for repair of said double stranded DNA break.

6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said repair DNA comprises at least one flanking region comprising a nucleotide sequence having sufficient homology to the upstream or downstream DNA region of said predefined site to allow recombination with said upstream or downstream DNA region.

7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said repair DNA comprises two flanking regions located on opposite ends of said repair DNA, one of said flanking regions comprising a nucleotide sequence having sufficient homology to the upstream DNA region of said predefined site, the other flanking region comprising a nucleotide sequence having sufficient homology to the downstream sequence of said predefined site to allow recombination between said flanking nucleotide sequences and said upstream and downstream DNA regions.

8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said repair DNA comprises a selectable marker gene.

9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said repair DNA comprises a plant expressible gene of interest.

10. The method according to claim 9 , wherein said plant expressible gene of interest is a herbicide tolerance gene, an insect resistance gene, a disease resistance gene, an abiotic stress resistance gene, an enzyme involved in oil biosynthesis, carbohydrate biosynthesis, an enzyme involved in fiber strength or fiber length, or an enzyme involved in biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.

11. The method according to claim 10 , wherein said plant expressible gene of interest encodes a protein having HPPD activity, wherein said protein has at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO; 19.

12. The method according to claim 10 , wherein said plant expressible gene of interest encodes a protein having HPPD activity, wherein said protein has at least 95% sequence identity to SEQ ID NO. 19 and has a tryptophan at a position corresponding to position 336 of SEQ ID NO: 19, and wherein said protein provides to said plant tolerance to a field dose of at least 1× of at least one HPPD inhibitor.

13. The method according to claim 1 , wherein said plant cell is further regenerated into a plant.

14. The method according to claim 13 , wherein said plant is further crossed with another plant.

15. A method to produce a plant cell comprising a modification at a predefined site of the genome, comprising performing the method according to claim 1 .

16. A method to produce a plant, plant part, seed or propagating material thereof comprising a modification at a predefined site of the genome, comprising performing the method according to claim 13 .

17. The method of claim 1 , wherein said predefined site and/or recognition site is/are located in one of the flanking sequences of said elite event.

18. The method of claim 1 , wherein said DSBI enzyme is a non-naturally occurring DSBI enzyme.

19. The method of claim 1 , wherein said elite event is one of the elite events in Table 1.