Devices, systems and methods for treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders
The present disclosure relates to methods, devices and systems used for the treatment of mood, anxiety, post traumatic stress disorder, and cognitive and behavioral disorders (collectively, neuropsychiatric disorders) via stimulation of the superficial elements of the trigeminal nerve (“TNS”). More specifically, cutaneous methods of stimulation of the superficial branches of the trigeminal nerve located extracranially in the face, namely the supraorbital, supratrochlear, infraorbital, auriculotemporal, zygomaticotemporal, zygomaticoorbital, zygomaticofacial, infraorbital, nasal and mentalis nerves (also referred to collectively as the superficial trigeminal nerve) are disclosed herein.
1. A cutaneous electrode assembly for trigeminal nerve stimulation for treatment of a neuropsychiatric disorder, the cutaneous electrode assembly comprising:
a first pair of contacts configured for placement on a first region of a patient's face;
a second pair of contacts configured for placement on a second region of the patient's face; and
an insulating connection region connecting the first pair of contacts and the second pair of contacts,
wherein the first pair of contacts and the second pair of contacts are configured to contact a portion of the patient's face overlying the cutaneous distribution of at least one branch of the trigeminal nerve and to stimulate said branch of said nerve with minimal or no current penetration below the surface of the skull, and wherein the first pair of contacts and the second pair of contacts are spaced apart according to the distance between the at least one branch of the trigeminal nerve on one side of the patient's face and the at least one branch of the trigeminal nerve on an opposing side of the patient's face.
2. The cutaneous electrode assembly of claim 1 , wherein the at least one branch of the trigeminal nerve is selected from the group consisting of: superficial ophthalmic branch, infraorbital branch, and the mentalis branch.
3. The cutaneous electrode assembly of claim 1 , wherein the at least one branch of the trigeminal nerve is a supraorbital nerve.
4. The cutaneous electrode assembly of claim 1 , wherein the at least one branch of the trigeminal nerve is an auriculotemporal nerve.
5. The cutaneous electrode assembly of claim 1 , wherein the at least one branch of the trigeminal nerve is a zygomaticofacial nerve.
6. The cutaneous electrode assembly of claim 1 , further comprising a retainer element configured to secure the electrode assembly to a patient's forehead.
7. The electrode assembly of claim 1 , wherein the neuropsychiatric disorder is depression.
8. A kit for trigeminal nerve stimulation for treatment of a neuropsychiatric disorder or condition, the kit comprising: the cutaneous electrode assembly according to claim 1 ; and instructions for placement of the electrode assembly on a patient for treatment of a neuropsychiatric disorder.
9. The kit of claim 8 , further comprising: a neurostimulator; and instructions for applying electrical signals to the electrode assembly for treatment of a neuropsychiatric disorder.
10. A system for trigeminal nerve stimulation for treatment of a neuropsychiatric disorder or condition, the system comprising:
a neurostimulator; and
a cutaneous electrode assembly comprising: a first pair of contacts configured for placement on a first region of a patient's face; a second pair of contacts configured for placement on a second region of the patient's face; and an insulating connection region connecting the first pair of contacts and the second pair of contacts, wherein the first pair of contacts and the second pair of contacts are configured to contact a portion of the patient's face overlying the cutaneous distribution of at least one branch of the trigeminal nerve, and wherein the first pair of contacts and the second pair of contacts are spaced apart according to the distance between the at least one branch of the trigeminal nerve on one side of the patient's face and the at least one branch of the trigeminal nerve on an opposing side of the patient's face.
11. The system of claim 10 , further comprising a cable and lead wires operably connecting the neurostimulator and the cutaneous electrode assembly.
12. The system of claim 10 , further comprising a regulation device configured to regulate current output to minimize or prevent current penetration below the surface of the skull bone.
13. The system of claim 10 , wherein the at least one branch of the trigeminal nerve is selected from the group consisting of: superficial ophthalmic branch, infraorbital branch, and mentalis branch.
14. The system of claim 10 , further comprising a retainer element configured to secure the electrode assembly to the patient's forehead.
15. The system of claim 10 , wherein the at least one branch of the trigeminal nerve is a supraorbital nerve.
16. The system of claim 10 , wherein the at least one branch of the trigeminal nerve is an auriculotemporal nerve.
17. The system of claim 10 , wherein the at least one branch of the trigeminal nerve is a zygomaticofacial nerve.