In situ evaluation of unconventional natural gas reservoirs
An analytical method that establishes a thermodynamic equilibrium or known dynamic relationship between the concentrations of gases, natural gas liquids and oils or pressures of gasses in an isolated zone of a shale, or group of distinct shale gas intervals, with the concentrations of fluids or pressures of gasses in a wellbore penetrating the shale interval or intervals. An analytical method for identifying the chemical composition of gas, natural gas liquids and oils and determining their origin in an isolated zone of a shale, or group of distinct shale gas intervals with the identification of chemical composition of gas, natural gas liquids and oils in a wellbore penetrating the shale interval or intervals. A surface measurement apparatus capable of performing the measurement ex-situ. A downhole measurement apparatus capable of reliably performing the measurement in-situ and a downhole straddle-packer assembly capable of isolating part of, or an entire shale interval.
1. A method comprising:
intersecting an under-saturated shale interval of a shale reservoir with a wellbore;
stimulating the under-saturated shale interval to produce gas, wherein the produced gas solubilizes within wellbore fluid within the wellbore to form solubilized gas;
lowering a solution gas sensor down the wellbore;
testing wellbore fluid within the wellbore intersecting the shale interval for the presence of the solubilized gas using the solution gas sensor, wherein the testing using the solution gas sensor forms a signal;
identifying a chemical composition of the solubilized gas using the signal, and determining an absorbed gas content in the under-saturated shale interval of the shale reservoir by determining a partial pressure of the solubilized gas within the wellbore fluid using the signal.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein determining the partial pressure of the solubilized gas within the wellbore fluid using the signal comprises:
determining a concentration of the solubilized gas within the wellbore fluid using the signal; and
correlating the concentration of the solubilized gas to partial pressure of the solubilized gas within the wellbore fluid.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein determining the absorbed gas content in the shale interval of the under-saturated shale reservoir using the partial pressure of the solubilized gas within the wellbore fluid comprises:
correlating the partial pressure of the solubilized gas within the wellbore fluid to a partial pressure of the gas within the under-saturated shale interval of the shale reservoir; and
correlating the partial pressure of the gas within the under-saturated shale interval of the shale reservoir to the absorbed gas content in the under-saturated shale interval of the shale reservoir.
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the concentration of the solubilized gas within the wellbore fluid is determined versus depth using the signal.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the partial pressure of the solubilized gas within the wellbore fluid is determined versus depth using the signal.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the wellbore only intersects one under-saturated shale interval of the shale reservoir.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising, prior to testing wellbore fluid, isolating the under-saturated shale interval.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the under-saturated shale interval is isolated using bridge plugs or straddle packers.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solubilized gas comprises methane.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solubilized gas comprises carbon dioxide.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solubilized gas comprises propane.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solution gas sensor comprises a concentration sensor.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solution gas sensor comprises a pressure sensor.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solution gas sensor comprises an optical spectrometer.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solution gas sensor comprises a Raman spectrometer.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solution gas sensor comprises a Raman spectrometer, a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, a depth sensor, and a conductivity sensor.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the under-saturated shale interval comprises inorganic sedimentary rock containing kerogen.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein stimulating the under-saturated shale interval to produce gas comprises fracturing the under-saturated shale interval.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein stimulating the under-saturated shale interval to produce gas comprises: adding acidified water to the wellbore, adding water to the wellbore, adding hydrophilic solvent to the wellbore, or increasing wellbore pressure.
20. A method comprising:
intersecting an over-saturated shale interval of a shale reservoir with a wellbore;
stimulating the over-saturated shale interval to produce gas, wherein the produced gas solubilizes within wellbore fluid within the wellbore to form solubilized gas;
lowering a solution gas sensor down the wellbore;
testing wellbore fluid within the wellbore intersecting the over-saturated shale interval for the presence of the solubilized gas using the solution gas sensor, wherein the testing using the solution gas sensor forms a signal;
identifying a chemical composition of the solubilized gas using the signal; and
determining an absorbed gas content in the under-saturated shale interval of the shale reservoir by determining a partial pressure of the solubilized gas within the wellbore fluid using the signal.
21. The method of claim 20 , wherein the wellbore only intersects one over-saturated shale interval of the shale reservoir.
22. The method of claim 20 , further comprising, prior to testing wellbore fluid, isolating the over-saturated shale interval.
23. The method of claim 22 , wherein the over-saturated shale interval is isolated using bridge plugs or straddle packers.
24. The method of claim 20 , wherein the solubilized gas comprises methane, carbon dioxide, or propane.
25. The method of claim 20 , wherein the solution gas sensor comprises a concentration sensor.
26. The method of claim 20 , wherein the solution gas sensor comprises a pressure sensor.
27. The method of claim 20 , wherein the solution gas sensor comprises an optical spectrometer.
28. The method of claim 20 , wherein the solution gas sensor comprises a Raman spectrometer.
29. The method of claim 20 , wherein the solution gas sensor comprises a Raman spectrometer, a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, a depth sensor, and a conductivity sensor.
30. The method of claim 20 , wherein the over-saturated shale interval comprises inorganic sedimentary rock containing kerogen.
31. The method of claim 20 , wherein stimulating the over-saturated shale interval to produce gas comprises fracturing the over-saturated shale interval.
32. The method of claim 20 , wherein stimulating the over-saturated shale interval to produce gas comprises: adding acidified water to the wellbore, adding water to the wellbore, adding hydrophilic solvent to the wellbore, or increasing wellbore pressure.