Compositions for treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
View Patent ↗Therapeutic compositions and methods for treatment of attention deficit disorder (ADD) or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) include dosage forms that deliver a therapeutic amount of active drug in a delayed and controlled release formulation. The dosage form can be administered at night and drug release is delayed for from 5 to 8 hours or longer, followed by a prolonged release.
1. A solid, oral pharmaceutical composition comprising a plurality of particles, each comprising:
a core comprising an amphetamine or a pharmaceutical salt thereof and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient;
a sustained release layer enclosing the core; and
a delayed release layer enclosing the sustained release layer,
wherein when the composition is orally administered to a human subject,
(i) there is a lag period of at least 6 hours during which the area under the curve of plasma concentration versus time (AUC 0-6 ) of amphetamine or a pharmaceutical salt thereof is less than 10% of the total area under the curve at T max (AUC 0-Tmax ); and
(ii) the time to C max (T max ) is between 12 and 19 hours after administration.
2. The solid, oral pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , wherein the core comprises a substantially spherical bead.
3. The solid, oral pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , wherein the core comprises dextroamphetamine sulfate.
4. The solid, oral pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , wherein the core comprises one or more excipients selected from polyvinyl pyrollidone, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, lactose, sucrose, microcrystalline cellulose and combinations of any thereof.
5. The solid, oral pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable excipient is microcrystalline cellulose.
6. The solid, oral pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , wherein the core comprises a non-pareil bead coated with a layer comprising the amphetamine or a pharmaceutical salt thereof and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
7. The solid, oral pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , wherein the delayed release layer comprises a pH dependent polymer or copolymer that is insoluble in aqueous medium at pH lower than 5.5.
8. The solid, oral pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , wherein the delayed release layer comprises cellulose acetate phthalate, cellulose acetate trimaletate, hydroxyl propyl methylcellulose phthalate, polyvinyl acetate phthalate, acrylic polymers, polyvinyl acetaldiethylamino acetate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate, cellulose acetate trimellitate, shellac, methacrylic acid copolymer, or combinations of any thereof.
9. The solid, oral pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , wherein the delayed release layer comprises a plasticizer.
10. The solid, oral pharmaceutical composition of claim 9 , wherein the plasticizer is dibutyl sebacate (DBS), tributyl citrate, acetyl tributyl citrate, acetyl triethyl citrate, mineral oil, castor oil or a fixed oil.
11. The solid, oral pharmaceutical composition of claim 8 , wherein the delayed release layer comprises methacrylic acid copolymer Type B.
12. The solid, oral pharmaceutical composition of claim 8 , wherein the delayed release layer comprises methacrylic acid copolymer Type B, mono- and diglycerides, dibutyl sebacate and polysorbate 80.
13. The solid, oral pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , wherein the sustained release layer comprises a water-insoluble and water-permeable polymer.
14. The solid, oral pharmaceutical composition of claim 13 , wherein the sustained release layer further comprises a water soluble polymer.
15. The solid, oral pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , wherein the sustained release layer comprises one or more of a cellulose ether derivative, an acrylic resin, a copolymer of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid esters with quaternary ammonium groups, and a copolymer of acrylic acid and a methacrylic acid ester.
16. The solid, oral pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , wherein the sustained release layer comprises ethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, dibutyl sebacate and magnesium stearate.
17. The solid, oral pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , further comprising an abuse deterrent agent.
18. The solid, oral pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , further comprising a nasal irritant.
19. The solid, oral pharmaceutical composition of claim 18 , wherein the nasal irritant is a capsaicinoid or sodium lauryl sulfate.
20. The solid, oral pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of particles are contained in a unit dose water soluble capsule.
21. The solid, oral pharmaceutical composition of claim 20 , wherein the unit dose is from 1 mg to 150 mg amphetamine or a pharmaceutical salt thereof.
22. The solid, oral pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , wherein the particles release no more than 10% of the total amphetamine or a pharmaceutical salt thereof in the first five hours when placed in a simulated gastric environment.
23. The solid, oral pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , wherein the particles release no more than 10% of the total amphetamine or a pharmaceutical salt thereof within the first 5 hours when the composition is placed in 700 ml aqueous solution of 0.1N HCl pH 1.1, for up to 2 hours followed by 2-6 hours in sodium phosphate buffer at pH 6.0; followed by 6-20 hours in sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.2 at 37° C.±0.5° C., measured by the USP Apparatus I.
24. The solid, oral pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 , wherein the plasma area under the curve at 6 hours (AUC 0-6 ) after administration is less than about 5% of total plasma area under the curve at T max (AUC 0-Tmax ).
25. A water soluble capsule containing a unit dose of an amphetamine or a pharmaceutical salt thereof, wherein when the composition is orally administered to a human subject, there is a lag period of at least 5 hours during which the plasma concentration of amphetamine or a pharmaceutical salt thereof is less than 10% of the maximum concentration (C max ), and wherein the time to C max (T max ) is between 12 and 19 hours after administration.
26. The water soluble capsule of claim 25 , wherein the unit dose is from 1 to 150 mg amphetamine or a pharmaceutical salt thereof.
27. A solid, oral pharmaceutical composition comprising a plurality of particles, each particle comprising:
a substantially spherical core comprising a therapeutic amount of a dextroamphetamine or a pharmaceutical salt thereof and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient;
a sustained release layer enclosing the core and comprising ethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, dibutyl sebacate and from 25-50% magnesium stearate; and
a delayed release layer enclosing the sustained release layer and comprising methacrylic acid copolymer B, mono- and di-glycerides and polysorbate 80.
28. The solid, oral pharmaceutical composition of claim 27 , wherein the sustained release layer is coated on the bead to achieve from 15% to 35% weight gain and the delayed release layer is coated on the sustained release layer coated bead to achieve an additional 15% to 35% weight gain.
29. A solid, oral pharmaceutical composition comprising a plurality of particles, each comprising:
a core comprising an amphetamine or a pharmaceutical salt thereof and at least one pharmaceutically acceptable excipient;
a sustained release layer enclosing the core; and
a delayed release layer enclosing the sustained release layer,
wherein the particles release no more than 5% of the total amphetamine or a pharmaceutical salt thereof from hour 0 to hour 6; and release no more than 10% of the total amphetamine or a pharmaceutical salt thereof from hour 0 to hour 8; and, exhibit sustained release over the following 10 hours when the composition is placed in 700 ml aqueous solution of 0.1N HCl pH 1.1, for 2 hours followed by 4 hours in sodium phosphate buffer at pH 6.0; followed by 6-20 hours in sodium phosphate buffer, pH 7.2 at 37° C.±0.5° C., as measured by the USP Apparatus I.