Optical element and Mach-Zehnder optical waveguide element
Provided is an optical element including an optical waveguide including a core formed from: a rib part; and a first and second slab parts sandwiching the rib part. The first slab part includes a P-type region, the second slab part includes an N-type region, the rib part includes a P-type region which is in contact with the P-type region provided in the first slab part, and an N-type region which is in contact with the N-type region provided in the second slab part. The rib part includes a top portion which is located above the first and second slab parts and includes an undoped region formed from at least one of an intrinsic region and a low-concentration doping region which is doped at a dopant concentration 1/10 or less of a dopant concentration in at least one of the adjacent P-type region and the adjacent N-type region.
1. An optical element comprising an optical waveguide comprising a core formed from: a rib part; and a first and second slab parts which are located on both sides of the rib part so as to sandwich the rib part and thinner than the rib part, wherein
the rib part and the first and second slab parts of the core are integrally formed by a semiconductor single crystal,
the first slab part comprises a P-type region which is doped to be P type,
the second slab part comprises an N-type region which is doped to be N type,
the rib part comprises a P-type region which is in contact with the P-type region provided in the first slab part, and an N-type region which is in contact with the N-type region provided in the second slab part,
the P-type region and the N-type region of the rib part are in contact with each other to constitute a PN junction part,
the rib part comprises a top portion which is located above the first and second slab parts in a cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the optical waveguide, and
the top portion of the rib part comprises an undoped region formed from at least one of an intrinsic region and a low-concentration doping region which is doped at a dopant concentration 1/10 or less of a dopant concentration in at least one of the adjacent P-type region and the adjacent N-type region.
2. The optical element according to claim 1 , wherein a boundary between the P-type region and the N-type region in the rib part is perpendicular to a bottom face of the core in the cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the optical waveguide.
3. The optical element according to claim 1 , wherein the P-type region of the rib part is located at the same height as the first slab part, and
the N-type region of the rib part is located at the same height as the second slab part.
4. The optical element according to claim 1 , wherein
the P-type region of the rib part extends to a position higher than a top face of the first slab part, and
the N-type region of the rib part extends to a position higher than a top face of the second slab part.
5. The optical element according to claim 1 , wherein
a dopant concentration of a collective P-type region which is constituted by the P-type region of the first slab part and the P-type region of the rib part decreases towards the PN-junction part in the cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the optical waveguide, and
a dopant concentration of a collective N-type region which is constituted by the N-type region of the second slab part and the N-type region of the rib part decreases towards the PN-junction part in the cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the optical waveguide.
6. The optical element according to claim 5 , wherein
the collective P-type region comprises two or more regions which are different in dopant concentration from each other, and
the collective N-type region comprises two or more regions which are different in dopant concentration from each other.
7. The optical element according to claim 1 , further comprising a first electrode and a second electrode formed of metal, wherein
the P-type region of the first slab part is connected to the first electrode and comprises a P + region which is higher in doping concentration than the P-type region of the first slab part, and
the N-type region of the second slab part is connected to the second electrode and comprises an N + region which is higher in doping concentration than the N-type region of the second slab part.
8. The optical element according to claim 7 , wherein the first electrode and the second electrode are a traveling-wave electrode which is continuously formed along the longitudinal direction of the optical waveguide.
9. The optical element according to claim 8 , wherein the traveling-wave electrode constitutes a coplanar line electrode or a slot line electrode.
10. A Mach-Zehnder optical waveguide element in which two arms are integrated on the same substrate, wherein the optical element according to claim 1 is used in an optical waveguide of at least one of the two arms.
11. A Mach-Zehnder optical waveguide element in which two arms are integrated on the same substrate, wherein,
the optical element according to claim 1 is used in an optical waveguide of the two arms, and
the first slab part of each optical element used in each optical waveguide is arranged between the two arms, or the second slab part of each optical element is arranged between the two arms.
12. The optical element according to claim 1 , wherein the optical waveguide forms a ring shape in which a starting point and an end point thereof are connected to each other in the longitudinal direction thereof.