Multi-layer micro-wire structure
View Patent ↗A multi-layer micro-wire structure resistant to cracking including a substrate having a surface, one or more micro-channels formed in the substrate, an electrically conductive first material composition forming a first layer located in each micro-channel, and an electrically conductive second material composition having a greater tensile ductility than the first material composition forming a second layer located in each micro-channel, the first material composition and the second material composition in electrical contact to form an electrically conductive multi-layer micro-wire in each micro-channel, whereby the multi-layer micro-wire is resistant to cracking.
1. A multi-layer micro-wire structure resistant to cracking, comprising:
a substrate having a surface;
one or more micro-channels formed in the substrate;
an electrically conductive first material composition forming a first layer located in each micro-channel; and
an electrically conductive second material composition having a greater tensile ductility than the first material composition forming a second layer located in each micro-channel, the first material composition and the second material composition in electrical contact to form an electrically conductive multi-layer micro-wire in each micro-channel, wherein the first material composition is susceptible to cracking when the multi-layer micro-wire structure is flexed such that gaps are formed in the first material composition, and wherein the second material composition forms an electrical connection that bridges the formed gaps, whereby the multi-layer micro-wire is resistant to cracking.
2. The multi-layer micro-wire structure of claim 1 , wherein the first material composition infuses with the second material composition or the second material composition infuses with the first material composition.
3. The multi-layer micro-wire structure of claim 1 , wherein the second material composition is between the first material composition and the surface.
4. The multi-layer micro-wire structure of claim 1 , wherein the first material composition is between the second material composition and the surface.
5. The multi-layer micro-wire structure of claim 1 , wherein the second material composition is PEDOT or a polyaniline.
6. The multi-layer micro-wire structure of claim 1 , wherein the first material composition is a conductive ink.
7. The multi-layer micro-wire structure of claim 1 , wherein first material composition includes a metal and the second material composition includes a conductive polymer.
8. The multi-layer micro-wire structure of claim 1 , wherein the first or second material composition is light-absorbing or includes carbon black.
9. The multi-layer micro-wire structure of claim 1 , wherein the first electrically conductive material composition forming a first layer is located only in each micro-channel and not on the substrate surface or wherein the second electrically conductive material composition forming the second layer is located only in each micro-channel and not on the substrate surface.
10. The multi-layer micro-wire structure of claim 1 , wherein the micro-wires are patterned to form a plurality of separate, spaced-apart electrodes, each electrode including a plurality of electrically connected multi-layer micro-wires.
11. The multi-layer micro-wire structure of claim 1 ,
further including a third layer located in the micro-channel on a side of the second layer opposite the first layer, wherein the third layer includes the first material composition;
further including a third layer located in the micro-channel on a side of the first layer opposite the second layer, wherein the third layer includes the second material composition; or
further including a third electrically conductive material composition forming a third layer located on the bottom of the micro-channel, located in the micro-channel between the first and second layers, or located in the top of the micro-channel.
12. The multi-layer micro-wire structure of claim 1 , wherein the substrate has a three-dimensional configuration, is curved, or is wrapped around a corner of a three-dimensional object.
13. The multi-layer micro-wire structure of claim 12 , wherein the multi-layer micro-wires form overlapping electrode arrays defining capacitors of a capacitive touch screen.
14. A multi-layer micro-wire structure resistant to cracking, comprising:
a substrate having a surface;
one or more micro-channels formed in the substrate;
an electrically conductive first material composition forming a first layer located in each micro-channel; and
an electrically conductive second material composition having a greater tensile ductility than the first material composition forming a second layer located in each micro-channel, the first material composition and the second material composition in electrical contact to form an electrically conductive multi-layer micro-wire in each micro-channel, whereby the multi-layer micro-wire is resistant to cracking;
wherein the micro-wires are patterned to form a plurality of separate, spaced-apart electrodes, each electrode including a plurality of electrically connected multi-layer micro-wires;
further including an unpatterned conductive layer electrically connected to the electrodes.
15. The multi-layer micro-wire structure of claim 14 , wherein the unpatterned conductive layer includes the second material composition or includes the first material composition.
16. The multi-layer micro-wire structure of claim 14 , wherein the second material composition is at least partly located on the sides and bottom of each micro-channel.
17. The multi-layer micro-wire structure of claim 14 , wherein the unpatterned conductive layer is located on the substrate surface.
18. A multi-later micro-wire structure resistant to cracking, comprising:
a substrate having a surface;
one or more micro-channels formed in the substrate;
an electrically conductive first material composition forming a first layer located in each micro-channel; and
an electrically conductive second material composition having a greater tensile ductility than the first material composition forming a second layer located in each micro-channel, the first material composition and the second material composition in electrical contact to form an electrically conductive multi-layer micro-wire in each micro-channel, whereby the multi-layer micro-wire is resistant to cracking;
further including a third layer located in the micro-channel on a side of the second layer opposite the first layer, wherein the third layer includes light-absorbing material.