Solid electrolytic capacitor containing a pre-coat layer
A solid electrolytic capacitor that contains an anode body formed from an electrically conductive powder, dielectric located over and/or within the anode body, an adhesion coating overlying the dielectric, and a solid electrolyte overlying the adhesion coating is provided. The powder has a high specific charge and in turn a relative dense packing configuration. Despite being formed from such a powder, the present inventors have discovered that the conductive polymer can be readily impregnated into the pores of the anode. This is accomplished, in part, through the use of a discontinuous precoat layer in the adhesion coating that overlies the dielectric. The precoat layer contains a plurality of discrete nanoprojections of a manganese oxide (e.g., manganese dioxide).
1. A solid electrolytic capacitor comprising:
an anode body formed from an electrically conductive powder, wherein the powder has a specific charge of about 70,000 μF*V/g or more;
a dielectric that overlies the anode body;
an adhesion coating that overlies the dielectric, wherein the adhesion coating includes a discontinuous precoat layer and contains a plurality of discrete nanoprojections of a manganese oxide; and
a solid electrolyte that overlies the dielectric and includes a conductive polymer layer,
wherein at least one of the discrete manganese oxide nanoprojections is embedded in the solid electrolyte, and
wherein the manganese oxide nanoprojections have an average size of from about 5 nanometers to about 500 nanometers; and
wherein the capacitor exhibits a normalized leakage current of about 0.2 μA/μF*V or less.
2. The solid electrolytic capacitor of claim 1 , wherein the electrically conductive powder includes tantalum and the dielectric includes tantalum pentoxide.
3. The solid electrolytic capacitor of claim 1 , wherein the powder has a specific charge of from about 120,000 μF*V/g to about 250,000 μF*V/g.
4. The solid electrolytic capacitor of claim 1 , wherein about 50% or more of the nanoprojections have an average size of from about 10 nanometers to about 110 nanometers.
5. The solid electrolytic capacitor of claim 1 , wherein the surface coverage of the nanoprojections is from about 0.1% to about 40%.
6. The solid electrolytic capacitor of claim 1 , wherein the manganese oxide is manganese dioxide.
7. The solid electrolytic capacitor of claim 1 , wherein the conductive polymer layer includes a chemically polymerized conductive polymer.
8. The solid electrolytic capacitor of claim 7 , wherein the chemically polymerized conductive polymer is poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene).
9. The solid electrolytic capacitor of claim 1 , wherein the capacitor exhibits an ESR of about 300 milliohms or less as determined at a frequency of 100 kHz.
10. The solid electrolytic capacitor of claim 1 , wherein the manganese oxide nanoprojections are prepared by contacting the anode body with a humidified atmosphere prior to contact with a solution containing a manganese oxide precursor.
11. A method for forming a solid electrolytic capacitor, the method comprising:
contacting an anode that contains an anode body and a dielectric with a solution that contains a manganese oxide precursor, wherein the anode body is formed from an electrically conductive powder having a specific charge of about 70,000 μF*V/g or more;
pyrolytically converting the precursor to form a discontinuous layer containing a plurality of discrete nanoprojections of a manganese oxide; and
forming a conductive polymer layer that contacts the nanoprojections and the dielectric, and
wherein at least one of the discrete manganese oxide nanoprojections is embedded in the solid electrolyte,
wherein the manganese oxide nanoprojections have an average size of from about 5 nanometers to about 500 nanometers; and
wherein the capacitor exhibits a normalized leakage current of about 02 μA/μF*V or less.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the manganese oxide precursor is manganese nitrate.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the solution contains a surfactant in an amount of from about 0.01 wt. % to about 30 wt. %.
14. The method of claim 11 , further comprising contacting the anode with a humidified atmosphere prior to contact with the solution containing the manganese oxide precursor, wherein the humidified atmosphere has a humidity level of from about 1 to about 30 g/m 3 , a relative humidity of from about 30% to about 90%, or both.
15. The method of claim 11 , further comprising contacting the anode with a humidified atmosphere after contact with the solution containing the manganese oxide precursor but prior to pyrolytically converting the precursor, wherein the humidified atmosphere has a humidity level of from about 1 to about 30 g/m 3 , a relative humidity of from about 30% to about 90%, or both.
16. The method of claim 11 , wherein the precursor is pyrolytically converted in the presence of a humidified atmosphere having a humidity level of from about 1 to about 30 g/m 3 , a relative humidity of from about 30% to about 90%, or both.
17. The method of claim 11 , wherein the electrically conductive powder includes tantalum and the dielectric includes tantalum pentoxide.
18. The method of claim 11 , wherein the powder has a specific charge of from about 100,000 μF*V/g to about 350,000 μF*V/g.
19. The method of claim 11 , wherein the conductive polymer layer is formed by chemically polymerizing a thiophene monomer.