Method for cold starting a spark-ignition internal combustion engine operating with a fuel comprising ethanol

1. A method for cold starting an internal combustion engine operating with a fuel comprising ethanol, the method comprising:

cold starting the internal combustion engine with the fuel comprising ethanol using an ignition controlled by an engine control unit comprising a basic ignition advance map determined for a given engine operating point under standard pressure and atmospheric temperature and engine temperature conditions, the engine having at least one combustion chamber in contact with a piston connected to a drive shaft, said cold starting using the fuel comprising ethanol comprising the following steps applied to the at least one combustion chamber in contact with the piston connected to the drive shaft during a cold start phase of the operating with the fuel comprising ethanol:

determining the temperature of the engine coolant, the determined temperature of the engine coolant being the engine temperature,

rotating the drive shaft using a starter,

proceeding to phasing of the engine by means of the engine control unit,

checking that a pressure of the fuel exceeds a determined threshold for a purpose of injection,

then injecting the fuel for a first operational cycle of the engine following said phasing,

below a determined engine temperature, increasing, in said first operational cycle of the engine, the advance of the first ignition point before the compression top dead center for gases present in the combustion chamber, with respect to said basic ignition advance map recorded in the engine control unit, by a value between 21° and 50° so as to produce a temperature rise in the chamber with a minimum engine torque, and

while rotating the drive shaft using a starter, controlling a first ignition point according to said basic ignition advance map, based on the operational cycle of the engine in said at least one combustion chamber, following said first operational cycle of the engine, for which an acceleration or a speed of the drive shaft beyond a determined threshold is exceeded, or for which a determined number of combustion top dead centers is reached,

wherein, before the step consisting of controlling a first ignition point according to said basic ignition advance map, when an acceleration of the drive shaft beyond a determined threshold is exceeded or when a determined number of combustion top dead centers is reached, the method additionally consists of increasing the advance of the first ignition point before the compression top dead center for the gases present in the cylinder with respect to said basic advance ignition map recorded in the engine control unit, in a second operational cycle of the engine following said first cycle, by a value between 21° and 50°, which is lower than the ignition advance before the compression top dead center of the first ignition point of said first cycle.

2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein, before the step consisting of controlling a first ignition point according to said basic ignition advance map, when an acceleration of the drive shaft beyond a determined threshold is exceeded or when a determined number of combustion top dead centers is reached, the method consists of controlling a first ignition point of which the advance before the compression top dead center is degressive, specifically from one operational cycle of the engine to the other and from said first operational cycle of the engine, until the engine is started.

3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein each of a plurality of ignition points are controlled in at least one same operational cycle of the engine, such that each of said plurality of ignition points are distributed successively in accordance with a phase advance having a value between 21° and 50° with respect to said basic ignition advance map recorded in the engine control unit.

4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the phase advance of said first ignition point, for said first operational cycle of the engine at least, before the compression top dead center, is approximately 52° before the compression top dead center for an engine temperature of approximately −5° C. for a fuel E100.

5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the method is applied to all combustion chambers of the engine.

6. An electronic engine control device comprising an engine control unit enabling implementation of a method according to claim 1 .

7. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising controlling a plurality of ignition points in at least one same operational cycle of the engine, said ignition points being distributed successively in accordance with a phase advance having a value between 21° and 50° with respect to said basic ignition advance map recorded in the engine control unit.

8. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the phase advance of said first ignition point, for said first operational cycle of the engine at least, before the compression top dead center, is approximately 52° before the compression top dead center for an engine temperature of approximately −5° C. for a fuel E100.

9. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the method is applied to all combustion chambers of the engine.

10. An electronic engine control device comprising an engine control unit enabling implementation of a method according to claim 2 .