System and Method for Using a Pulse Flow Circulation for Algae Cultivation
A device for generating a pulsed flow in a channel containing a circulating algal culture can include a plate that is pivotably mounted on the channel and an activator. A pulsed flow is generated in the channel by first positioning the plate to impede the flow of circulating algal culture and then rotating the plate to a submerged position. The pulsed flow can be employed to counteract the negative effects of bio-fouling on algae cultivation equipment. In another arrangement, a device for generating a pulsed flow in a sloped raceway that is in fluid communication with a sump can include a gate. In different embodiments, the gate can operate as a so-called “pinch gate” or as a so-called “overflow gate.” In another aspect, a variable rate pump, such as a centrifugal pump, a screw pump or an airlift pump, is described for establishing a pulsed flow in a channel.
1 . A device for generating a pulsed flow in a channel containing a circulating algal culture, the device comprising:
a plate positioned in the channel and having a first end and a second end with the first end pivotably mounted on the channel; and
an activator coupled with the plate for selectively rotating the plate about a pivot axis from a first position to a second position to generate a pulsed flow in a channel.
2 . A device as recited in claim 1 wherein the activator comprises a rotary actuator.
3 . A device as recited in claim 1 wherein the activator comprises a timer for initiating plate rotations in accordance with a predetermined schedule.
4 . A device as recited in claim 1 wherein the second end of the plate is positioned above the algal culture for a preselected period of time to establish a preselected height differential between algal culture on opposing sides of the plate.
5 . A device as recited in claim 1 wherein the channel is a photo-bioreactor (PBR) tube.
6 . A device as recited in claim 1 wherein the channel is a pond channel.
7 . A device as recited in claim 1 wherein the channel is a sloped raceway.
8 . A device as recited in claim 1 wherein the second end of the plate is positioned above the algal culture in the first position and the second end of the plate is submerged in the algal culture in the second position.
9 . A device as recited in claim 1 wherein the channel is formed with a bottom and wherein the plate is rotated toward the channel bottom to generate a pulsed flow by pinching algal culture between the plate and the channel bottom.
10 . A device as recited in claim 1 wherein the channel is formed with a bottom and wherein the plate is rotated away from the channel bottom to generate a pulsed flow by pushing algal culture between the plate and the channel bottom.
11 . A device as recited in claim 1 wherein the plate has a width, the channel has a width, and the plate width is less than the channel width to allow algal culture to bypass the plate.
12 . A device for generating a pulsed flow in a conduit holding a circulating algal culture, the conduit including a sump in fluid communication with a sloped raceway, the device comprising:
a gate formed as a planar plate defining a plane and having a first end and a second end, the gate being interposed between the sump and the sloped raceway and mounted for movement within the plane; and
an activator coupled to the plate for selectively moving the gate within the plane from a first position wherein a flow rate f 1 is established from the sump to the raceway to a second position wherein a flow rate f 2 is established from the sump to the raceway, with f 2 >f 1 to generate a pulsed flow in the conduit.
13 . A device as recited in claim 12 wherein the gate has a first end and a second end and the sump is attached to the raceway at a submerged edge, and wherein the first end is located at a distance d 1 from the submerged edge with the gate in the first position, and the first end is located at a distance d 2 from the submerged edge with the gate in the second position, with d 2 >d 1 .
14 . A device as recited in claim 12 wherein the gate has a first end and a second end and wherein the second end of the gate is positioned above the algal culture in the first position and the second end of the gate is submerged in the algal culture in the second position.
15 . A device as recited in claim 12 wherein the activator comprises a linear actuator.
16 . A device as recited in claim 12 wherein the activator comprises a timer for initiating plate movements in accordance with a predetermined schedule.
17 . A device as recited in claim 12 wherein the activator comprises a level switch for measuring a height of algal culture in the sump and for initiating plate movements when the algal culture reaches a predetermined height.
18 . A device for generating a pulsed flow in a channel containing a circulating algal culture, the device comprising:
a pump positioned for interacting with the algal culture; and
an activator coupled to the pump for selectively operating the pump to increase the flow rate in the channel from a first flow rate f 1 , established for circulating the algal culture through the channel, to a second flow rate f 2 with f 2 >f 1 to generate a pulsed flow in the channel.
19 . A device as recited in claim 18 wherein the pump is a variable rate pump.
20 . A device as recited in claim 19 wherein the ratio of flow rates (f 2 :f 1 ) is in a range between 2:1 and 10:1.
21 . A device as recited in claim 19 wherein the pump is selected from the group of pumps consisting of a centrifugal pump, a screw pump, a propeller pump, a jet pump and an airlift pump.
22 . A device as recited in claim 18 wherein the activator comprises a timer for initiating pump rate changes in accordance with a predetermined schedule.
23 . A device for generating a pulsed flow in a channel containing a circulating algal culture, the device comprising:
at least one lifting bucket positioned for interacting with the algal culture; and
an actuator having a motorized track for moving the bucket from a channel fill location to a channel dump location to selectively increase the flow rate in the channel from a first flow rate f 1 , established for circulating the algal culture through the channel, to a second flow rate f 2 with f 2 >f 1 to generate a pulsed flow in the channel.
24 . A device for generating a pulsed flow in a channel containing a circulating algal culture to increase exposed algal surface area and improve productivity, the device comprising:
a plate positioned in the channel and having a first end and a second end with the first end pivotably mounted;
a trigger rotatable about a pivot point; and
an activator coupled with the trigger for selectively rotating the trigger from a first position wherein the trigger holds the plate in a closed position to a second position in which the plate is released into an open position to generate a pulsed flow in a channel.