Systems and methods for making fiber webs
Systems and methods for forming fiber webs, including those suitable for use as filter media and battery separators, are provided. In some embodiments, the systems and methods involve designs which allow improved control of the fiber web forming process. For example, in certain embodiments involving the flowing of more than one fiber mixtures, the amount of mixing of the fiber mixtures may be controlled to produce fiber webs having different structural and/or performance characteristics. In some embodiments, the systems and methods can be used to form fiber webs having a gradient in a property across a portion of, or the entire, thickness of the fiber web.
1. A method of forming a fiber web, comprising:
introducing a fiber mixture into a flow zone of a system for forming a fiber web, wherein the system comprises a fiber web forming zone positioned downstream of the flow zone, and wherein the system includes a pressure former comprising a top surface and a pivoting member connected to a portion of the top surface within the fiber web forming zone;
collecting fibers from the fiber mixture downstream of the flow zone in the fiber web forming zone, wherein the fiber web forming zone comprises a forming wire portion; and
forming a fiber web comprising fibers from the fiber mixture.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the system comprises a control system connected to the top surface and/or the pivoting member for controlling a distance between a downstream end of the top surface and at least a portion of the forming wire portion.
3. The method of claim 1 , comprising adjusting the angle of the top surface to change a distance between a downstream end of the top surface and at least a portion of the forming wire portion.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fiber web forming zone is a first fiber web forming zone, the method comprising transporting the fibers to a second fiber web forming zone positioned downstream of the first fiber web forming zone, wherein the second fiber web forming zone comprises a second forming wire portion.
5. The method of claim 4 , comprising a first dewatering system positioned at the first fiber web forming zone.
6. The method of claim 5 , comprising a second dewatering system positioned at the second fiber web forming zone.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the second dewatering system is positioned below the second forming wire portion.
8. The method of claim 6 , wherein the second dewatering system is positioned above the second forming wire portion.
9. The method of claim 6 , wherein the first and/or second dewatering systems comprises one or more vacuum boxes.
10. The method of claim 6 , comprising using the second dewatering system to reorient fibers from the fiber web from a first orientation to a second orientation.
11. The method of claim 4 , wherein the fibers in the fiber mixture, as the fiber mixture exits a downstream end of the top surface, have a first orientation, and the fibers in the fiber mixture at the second forming wire portion have a second orientation, and wherein the first orientation is different from the second orientation.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the second orientation comprises greater intermixing between two different fibers compared to the first orientation.
13. The method of claim 1 , comprising forming a fiber mixture having a solid content of less than about 28 wt % as the fiber mixture exits a downstream end of the top surface.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the system comprises a first flow distributor configured to dispense a first fiber mixture into the flow zone, and a second flow distributor configured to dispense a second fiber mixture into the flow zone.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein a distance between a downstream end of the top surface and the forming wire portion is less than about 10 mm.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the system comprises a lamella positioned in the flow zone to separate the flow zone into a lower portion and an upper portion.
17. The method of claim 1 , comprising forming a fiber web comprising a gradient in at least one of fiber diameter, fiber type, fiber composition, fiber length, fiber surface chemistry, pore size, material density, basis weight, solidity, a proportion of a component, stiffness, tensile strength, wicking ability, hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, and conductivity across a portion, or all, of a thickness of the fiber web.
18. The method of claim 1 , comprising forming a fiber web comprising a gradient in at least one of efficiency, dust holding capacity, pressure drop, air permeability, and porosity across a portion, or all, of a thickness of the fiber web.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pivoting member is connected to a portion of the top surface at a downstream end of the fiber web forming zone.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pivoting member connects a downstream portion of the top surface with an extension of the top surface.