Wireless ultra-low power portable lock

1. A portable lock apparatus, comprising:

a lock having at least locked and unlocked states, the lock operable to provide physical resistance to being unlocked when in the locked state, the lock including a shackle, a lockbar, at least one locking pin, at least one spring, an actuator, and a rotatable latch,

wherein the at least one locking pin can compress the spring when loaded with a force from a user when inserting the shackle into the lockbar and the rotatable latch can move into an engaged state to cause the locked state in which the shackle is engaged at least partially within the lockbar,

wherein the at least one spring operates independently of and is not in contact with the rotatable latch, wherein the at least one spring causes the at least one locking pin to engage in a notch in the shackle to retain the shackle within the lockbar in the unlocked state, and

wherein the actuator is operable to move the rotatable latch from the locked state to the unlocked state in response to a signal, wherein the rotatable latch need not overcome a force from the at least one spring to move from the locked to the unlocked state; and

a controller to control the actuator and to receive the signal over a wireless connection from one or more devices external to the lock apparatus, wherein the controller is further configured to:

establish the wireless connection with the one or more devices;

authenticate a user of at least one of the one or more devices; and

control the actuator to unlock the lock based on instructions sent over the established wireless connection;

wherein the portable lock apparatus is self-contained such that the lock and the controller are components of the portable lock apparatus; and

wherein the portable lock apparatus is portable.

2. The lock apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:

a power source configured to provide power for operation of the lock apparatus, wherein the controller is further configured to determine a state of charge of the power source.

3. The lock apparatus of claim 2 , further comprising:

a power-scavenging unit configured to draw power from one or more environmental sources to provide to the power source; and

a power inlet configured to draw power from an external source other than an environmental source to provide to the power source.

4. The lock apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the controller is further configured to authenticate a user via a secondary authentication process other than through a wireless connection with a mobile device.

5. The lock apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the secondary authentication process includes establishing a wired data connection between the controller and another device through an access port disposed on the lock apparatus.

6. The lock apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the secondary authentication process includes manipulating a secured mechanical element disposed on the lock apparatus.

7. The lock apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:

a sensor in communication with the controller, the sensor configured to detect contextual information associated with the lock apparatus.

8. The lock apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the controller is further configured to process data received from the sensor and determine that a tampering condition exists.

9. The lock apparatus of claim 8 , wherein the controller is further configured to issue at least one alert in response to determining that a tampering condition exists.

10. The lock apparatus of claim 9 , wherein issuing the at least one alert comprises wirelessly transmitting a notification to a mobile device in communication with the controller.

11. The lock apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a user interface disposed on an exterior surface of the lock apparatus, the user interface configured to send input to the controller based on interaction with a user.

12. The lock apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the user interface includes at least one button element.

13. The lock apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a display element disposed on an exterior surface of the lock apparatus, the display element displaying one or more visual outputs to a user based on signals received from the controller.

14. The portable lock apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the shackle includes at least one notch, wherein the at least one spring causes the locking pin to engage into the notch of the shackle, allowing the actuator to move the rotatable latch into the locked state.

15. A portable lock apparatus comprising:

a lock having at least locked and unlocked states, the lock including a shackle, a lockbar, at least one spring, at least one locking pin, and a rotatable latch, wherein the at least one spring operates independently of and is not in contact with the rotatable latch, and wherein the at least one spring in the lock is compressed with a force from a user;

an actuator operable to move the lock from the locked state to the unlocked state in response to a received signal, wherein the actuator rotates the rotatable latch to move the lock to the unlocked state, wherein the rotatable latch need not overcome a force from the spring to move from the locked to the unlocked state, and wherein, in the unlocked state, the at least one spring causes the at least one locking pin to engage in a notch in the shackle to retain the shackle within the lockbar;

a controller to receive the signal from one or more devices external to the lock apparatus over a wireless link and to control the actuator to unlock the lock based on instructions from the signal, wherein the controller is further configured to:

establish the wireless link with the one or more devices;

authenticate a user of at least one of the one or more devices; and

control the actuator to unlock the lock based on instructions sent over the established wireless link; and

a sensor to detect contextual information associated with the portable lock apparatus so that the controller can determine that a tamper condition exists and provide an alert in response to the tamper condition.

16. A portable lock apparatus comprising:

a lock having at least locked and unlocked states, the lock including a shackle, a lockbar, at least one spring, at least one locking pin, and a rotatable latch, wherein the at least one spring operates independently of the rotatable latch;

an actuator operable to move the lock from the locked state to the unlocked state in response to a received signal, wherein the actuator rotates the rotatable latch to move the lock to the unlocked state, wherein the rotatable latch need not overcome a force from the at least one spring to move from the locked to the unlocked state, and wherein, in the unlocked state, the at least one spring causes the at least one locking pin to engage in a notch in the shackle to retain the shackle within the lockbar;

a controller to receive the at least one signal from one or more devices external to the portable lock apparatus over a wireless link and to control the actuator to unlock the lock based on instructions from the signal, wherein the controller is further configured to:

establish the wireless link with the one or more devices;

authenticate a user of at least one of the one or more devices; and

control the actuator to unlock the lock based on instructions sent over the established wireless link; and

at least one of a sensor or a button on the portable lock apparatus to cause the lock to move from the locked to the unlocked state, the sensor or the button comprising another way to cause the lock to move from the locked to the unlocked state.

17. The portable lock apparatus of claim 16 , wherein the sensor is selected from a capacitive touch sensor, a photodiode, ambient light sensor, or an accelerometer.