Seismic system with ghost and motion rejection
An underwater seismic system for reducing noise due to ghost reflections or motion through the water from seismic signals. The system includes two motion sensors. One sensor has a first response and is sensitive to platform-motion-induced noise as well as to acoustic waves. The other sensor has a different construction that isolates it from the acoustic waves so that its response is mainly to motion noise. The outputs of the two sensor responses are combined to remove the effects of motion noise. When further combined with a hydrophone signal, noise due to ghost reflections is reduced.
1. An underwater autonomous node comprising:
a platform;
a first region of the platform having a first acoustic impedance equal to that of seawater;
a first motion sensor disposed in the first region and having a first test mass to produce a first response sensitive to seismic waves and platform motion;
a second region of the platform separated from the first region and having a second acoustic impedance equal to that of air;
a second motion sensor disposed in the second region and having a second test mass to produce a second response sensitive to platform motion and insensitive to seismic waves.
2. An autonomous node as in claim 1 wherein the first region contains seawater or a material having the acoustic impedance of seawater.
3. An autonomous node as in claim 1 further comprising a pressure sensor providing a pressure signal to be combined with the first response of the first motion sensor and the second response of the second motion sensor to remove multiples and ghosts.
4. An autonomous node as in claim 1 wherein the first and second responses are similar for motion of the underwater autonomous node.
5. An autonomous node as in claim 1 further comprising a divider disposed between the first and second motion sensors.
6. An autonomous node as in claim 1 wherein the first region is enclosed in a first rigid, perforated housing covered with an acoustically transparent skin and wherein the second region is enclosed in a second rigid housing.
7. An autonomous node as in claim 1 further comprising:
a rigid body subject to motion of the autonomous node;
a plurality of the first motion sensors coupled to the rigid body and a plurality of the second motion sensors coupled to the rigid body.
8. An autonomous node as in claim 7 wherein the rigid body has a tubular shape with an inner side and an outer side and wherein the plurality of first motion sensors are connected to the outer side and the plurality of second motion sensors are connected to the inner side.
9. An autonomous node as in claim 7 :
wherein the rigid body has a tubular shape dividing the seismic system into an external region receiving the first test mass and an internal region receiving the second test mass; and
wherein the plurality of first motion sensors couples the first test mass to the rigid body and the plurality of second motion sensors couples the second test mass to the rigid body.
10. An autonomous node as in claim 7 :
wherein the first test mass encircles the rigid body;
wherein the second test mass is encircled by the rigid body;
wherein the plurality of first motion sensors couples the first test mass to the rigid body and the plurality of second motion sensors couples the second test mass to the rigid body.
11. An autonomous node as in claim 10 wherein the first test mass, the rigid body, and the second test mass are coaxially arranged.
12. An autonomous node as in claim 1 further comprising:
a first rigid housing rigidly coupled to the first motion sensor;
a second rigid housing rigidly coupled to the second motion sensor;
a divider disposed between the first and second rigid housings to acoustically isolate the first and second motion sensors in the first and second regions from each other;
wherein the first and second rigid housings have different acoustic cross sections to incident acoustic waves.
13. An autonomous node as in claim 1 further comprising:
a first rigid housing rigidly coupled to the first motion sensor;
a second rigid housing for the second motion sensor;
wherein the second test mass is inside the second rigid housing and is non-rigidly coupled to the second rigid housing by the second motion sensor;
wherein the first and second motion sensors respond in phase to acoustic waves and opposite in phase to platform motion.
14. An autonomous node as in claim 1 further comprising means for combining the first response and the second response to attenuate noise due to motion of the autonomous node and to produce a response due to seismic waves only.
15. An autonomous node as in claim 1 wherein the first motion sensor and the second motion sensor are accelerometers.
16. An underwater autonomous node comprising:
a rigid body;
a first region having a first acoustic impedance and a separate second region having a second acoustic impedance;
wherein the first acoustic impedance is equal to the acoustic impedance of seawater and the second acoustic impedance is equal to the acoustic impedance of air;
a first motion sensor coupled to the rigid body and having a first test mass disposed in the first region having the first acoustic impedance to produce a first sensor signal representing particle motion due to seismic waves and motion of the rigid body;
a second motion sensor coupled to the rigid body and having a second test disposed in the second region having the second acoustic impedance to produce a second sensor signal representing attenuated particle motion due to seismic waves and motion of the rigid body;
means for combining the first sensor signal and the second sensor signal to attenuate noise due to motion of the rigid body and produce a response to particle motion due to seismic waves.
17. An autonomous node as in claim 16 further comprising a pressure sensor providing a pressure signal to be combined with the response to particle motion due to seismic waves to remove multiples and ghosts.
18. An underwater autonomous node comprising:
a platform;
a first region of the platform having a first acoustic impedance and a separate second region of the platform having a second acoustic impedance;
wherein the first acoustic impedance is equal to the acoustic impedance of seawater and the second acoustic impedance is equal to the acoustic impedance of air;
a first motion sensor having a first test mass disposed in the first region having the first acoustic impedance to provide a first response sensitive to seismic waves and platform motion;
a second motion sensor having a second test mass disposed in the second region having the second acoustic impedance to provide a second response sensitive to platform motion and insensitive to seismic waves;
an acoustic shield arranged to shield the second motion sensor from particle motion due to seismic waves.
19. An autonomous node as in claim 18 further comprising a pressure sensor providing a pressure signal to be combined with the first response and the second response to remove multiples and ghosts.