Conformal electronics including nested serpentine interconnects
An example stretchable device is described that includes electrical contacts and an interconnect coupling the electrical contacts. The interconnect has a meander-shaped configuration that includes at least one nested serpentine-shaped feature. The interconnect can be conductive or non-conductive. The meander-shaped configuration can be a serpentine structure, providing a serpentine-in-serpentine configuration.
1. A stretchable electrical device, comprising:
two electrical contacts spaced apart by a distance; and
an electrical interconnect connected to and extending from a first one of the two electrical contacts generally in a first direction and electrically coupling the first one of the two electrical contacts with a second one of the two electrical contacts;
wherein the electrical interconnect has a meander-shaped base configuration comprising a plurality of repeated, connected, and alternating loops, each of the plurality of loops having a curved tip and a length extending from the curved tip in a second direction that is generally perpendicular to the first direction, each of the lengths connecting adjacent ones of the plurality of loops and each of the lengths forming a nested serpentine-shaped feature projecting in the first direction such that the electrical interconnect includes a plurality of nested serpentine-shaped features arranged along the electrical interconnect, each of the plurality of nested serpentine-shaped features being at least partially nested within an adjacent one of the plurality of nested serpentine-shaped features.
2. The stretchable electrical device of claim 1 , wherein the two electrical contacts are disposed on an elastomeric substrate.
3. The stretchable electrical device of claim 2 , wherein the two electrical contacts are in physical communication with the elastomeric substrate, and wherein the electrical interconnect is not in physical communication with the substrate.
4. The stretchable electrical device of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the two electrical contacts is in communication with a semiconductor circuit.
5. The stretchable electrical device of claim 1 , wherein the electrical contacts are metal contacts.
6. The stretchable electrical device of claim 1 , further comprising at least one device component in communication with at least one of the two electrical contacts, and wherein the at least one device component is an electronic device component, an optical device component, an optoelectronic device component, a mechanical device component, a microelectromechanical device component, a nanoelectromechanical device component, a microfluidic device component or a thermal device.
7. The stretchable electrical device of claim 1 , wherein the meander-shaped base configuration has a base amplitude and a base wavelength and wherein each of the plurality of nested serpentine-shaped features has (i) a nested amplitude that is less than the base amplitude, and (ii) a nested wavelength that is less than the base wavelength.
8. A stretchable device, comprising:
a stretchable substrate; and
a stretchable electronic circuit disposed on a surface of the stretchable substrate, the stretchable electronic circuit comprising:
a first discrete operative device;
a second discrete operative device spaced apart from the first discrete operating device by a distance; and
a stretchable electrical interconnect connected to and extending from the first discrete operating device generally in a first direction and electrically coupling the first discrete operative device to the second discrete operative device,
wherein the stretchable electrical interconnect has a meander-shaped base configuration comprising a plurality of repeated, connected, and alternating loops, each of the plurality of loops having a curved tip and a length extending from the curved tip in a second direction that is generally perpendicular to the first direction, each of the lengths connecting adjacent ones of the plurality of loops and each of the lengths forming a nested serpentine-shaped feature projecting in the first direction such that the electrical interconnect includes a plurality of nested serpentine-shaped features arranged along the electrical interconnect, each of the plurality of nested serpentine-shaped features being at least partially nested within an adjacent one of the plurality of nested serpentine-shaped features.
9. The stretchable device of claim 8 , wherein the first discrete operative device or the second discrete operative device includes a metal contact.
10. The stretchable device of claim 8 , wherein the first discrete operative device or the second discrete operative device is a semiconductor device.
11. The stretchable device of claim 8 , wherein the first discrete operative device, the second discrete operative device, and the stretchable electrical interconnect are fabricated from a same material.
12. The stretchable device of claim 11 , wherein the same material is a semiconductor material.
13. The stretchable device of claim 8 , wherein the stretchable electrical interconnect is made from a semiconductor material.
14. The stretchable device of claim 8 , wherein the first discrete operative device is formed from a first semiconductor material, and wherein the stretchable electrical interconnect is made from a second semiconductor material different from the first semiconductor material.
15. The stretchable device of claim 12 , wherein the semiconductor material is a single crystal semiconductor material.
16. The stretchable device of claim 8 , wherein the first discrete operative device and the second discrete operative device are in physical communication with the surface of the stretchable substrate, and wherein the stretchable electrical interconnect is not in physical communication with the surface.
17. The stretchable device of claim 8 , wherein the first discrete operative device or the second discrete operative device comprises one or more of a photodetector, a photodiode array, a display, a light-emitting device, a photovoltaic device, a sensor array, a light-emitting diode, a semiconductor laser, an optical imaging system, a transistor, a microprocessor, an integrated circuit, or any combination of thereof.
18. A stretchable electrical device, comprising:
two electrical contacts spaced apart by a distance; and
an electrical interconnect connected to and extending from a first one of the two electrical contacts generally in a first direction and electrically coupling the first one of the two electrical contacts with a second one of the two electrical contacts;
wherein the electrical interconnect has a meander-shaped base configuration comprising a plurality of repeated, connected, and alternating loops, each of the plurality of loops having a curved tip and a length extending from the curved tip, wherein the plurality of loops includes (i) a first set of curved tips generally disposed on a first side of the electrical interconnect and (ii) a second set of curved tips generally disposed on a second opposing side of the electrical interconnect, each of the lengths forming a nested serpentine-shaped feature, each of the nested serpentine-shaped features being disposed between the first side of the electrical interconnect and the second side of the electrical interconnect such that the electrical interconnect includes a plurality of nested serpentine-shaped features arranged along the electrical interconnect, each of the plurality of nested serpentine-shaped features being at least partially nested within an adjacent one of the plurality of nested serpentine-shaped features.