Acoustic resonator comprising vertically extended acoustic cavity

1. A bulk acoustic wave (BAW) resonator having a vertically extended acoustic cavity, the BAW resonator comprising:

a bottom electrode disposed on a substrate over a cavity formed in the substrate;

a piezoelectric layer disposed on the bottom electrode, the piezoelectric layer having a thickness of approximately λ/2, wherein λ is a wavelength corresponding to a thickness extensional resonance frequency of the BAW resonator; and

a top electrode disposed on the piezoelectric layer,

wherein at least one of the bottom electrode and the top electrode comprises a composite electrode having a thickness of approximately λ/2.

2. The BAW resonator of claim 1 , wherein the at least one of the bottom electrode and the top electrode comprising a composite electrode having a thickness of approximately λ/2 comprises:

a first electrode layer of first material having low acoustic impedance, formed adjacent to the piezoelectric layer; and

a second electrode layer of second material having high acoustic impedance, formed adjacent to the first electrode layer.

3. The BAW resonator of claim 2 , wherein the first electrode layer comprises one of aluminum, titanium or beryllium.

4. The BAW resonator of claim 3 , wherein the second electrode layer comprises one of tungsten, molybdenum or iridium.

5. The BAW resonator of claim 2 , wherein each of the bottom electrode and the top electrode comprises a composite electrode having a thickness of approximately λ/2.

6. The BAW resonator of claim 5 , wherein each of the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer of the bottom electrode has a thickness of approximately λ/4, and

wherein each of the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer of the top electrode has a thickness of approximately λ/4.

7. The BAW resonator of claim 5 , wherein a cut-off frequency inside an active region of the BAW resonator and a cutoff frequency outside the active region, formed between an edge of the top electrode and an edge of the cavity formed in the substrate, are substantially the same, and

wherein the bottom electrode substantially prevents energy leakage to the substrate.

8. The BAW resonator of claim 2 , wherein the top electrode comprises a composite electrode having a thickness of approximately λ/2, and

wherein the BAW resonator further comprises an air-ring formed between the piezoelectric layer and the top electrode, an inner edge of the air-ring defining an outer boundary of an active region of the BAW resonator.

9. The BAW resonator of claim 8 , further comprising:

at least one add-on frame formed along the perimeter of an active region of the BAW resonator.

10. The BAW resonator of claim 1 , further comprising:

a collar for providing weak mass-loading of a region outside an edge of the top electrode, improving parallel resistance Rp and wide-band quality factor Q simultaneously.

11. The BAW resonator of claim 1 , wherein the at least one of the bottom electrode and the top electrode comprising a composite electrode having a thickness of approximately λ/2 comprises:

a first electrode layer of first material having low acoustic impedance, formed adjacent to the piezoelectric layer;

an intermediate impedance layer, formed adjacent to the first electrode layer; and

a second electrode layer of second material having high acoustic impedance, formed adjacent to the intermediate impedance layer.

12. The BAW resonator of claim 11 , wherein the intermediate impedance layer comprises aluminum nitride.

13. The BAW resonator of claim 11 , wherein each of the bottom electrode and the top electrode comprises the first electrode layer, the intermediate impedance layer and the second electrode layer.

14. A bulk acoustic wave (BAW) resonator having a vertically extended acoustic cavity, the BAW resonator comprising:

a bottom electrode disposed on a substrate over a cavity formed in the substrate;

a piezoelectric layer disposed on the bottom electrode; and

a top electrode disposed on the piezoelectric layer,

wherein at least one of the bottom electrode and the top electrode comprises a composite electrode including a thin electrode layer of material having high acoustic impedance formed adjacent to the piezoelectric layer, a first electrode layer of first material having low acoustic impedance formed adjacent to the thin electrode layer, and a second electrode layer of second material having high acoustic impedance formed adjacent to the first electrode layer, and

wherein at least a portion of at least one of the bottom electrode and the top electrode has a thickness of approximately λ/2, wherein λ is a wavelength corresponding to a thickness extensional resonance frequency of the BAW resonator.

15. The BAW resonator of claim 14 , wherein the piezoelectric layer combined with the thin electrode layer of at least one of the bottom electrode and the top electrode has a thickness of approximately λ/2.

16. The BAW resonator of claim 14 , wherein:

each of the bottom electrode and the top electrode comprises the composite electrode including the thin electrode layer, the first electrode layer, and the second electrode layer, wherein a combination of the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer of the bottom electrode has a thickness of approximately λ/2,

wherein a combination of the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer of the top electrode has a thickness of approximately λ/2, and

wherein a combination of piezoelectric layer and the thin electrode layers of the bottom and top electrodes has a thickness of approximately λ/2, resulting in an aggregate thickness of an active region of the BAW resonator of approximately 3λ/2.

17. The BAW resonator of claim 14 , wherein:

the top electrode comprises the composite electrode including the thin electrode layer, the first electrode layer, and the second electrode layer,

wherein a combination of the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer of the top electrode has a thickness of approximately λ/2, and

wherein a combination of the piezoelectric layer, the bottom electrode, and the thin electrode layer of the top electrode has a thickness of approximately λ/2, resulting in a total thickness of an active region of the BAW resonator of approximately λ.

18. The BAW resonator of claim 14 , wherein:

the bottom electrode comprises the composite electrode including the thin electrode layer, the first electrode layer, and the second electrode layer,

wherein a combination of the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer of the bottom electrode has a thickness of approximately λ/2, and

wherein a combination of the piezoelectric layer, the top electrode, and the thin electrode layer of the bottom electrode has a thickness of approximately λ/2, resulting in a total thickness of an active region of the BAW resonator of approximately λ.

19. A bulk acoustic wave (BAW) resonator having a vertically extended acoustic cavity, the BAW resonator comprising:

a bottom electrode disposed on a substrate over a cavity formed in the substrate;

a piezoelectric layer disposed on the bottom electrode, the piezoelectric layer having a thickness of approximately λ/2, wherein λ is a wavelength corresponding to a thickness extensional resonance frequency of the BAW resonator;

a top electrode disposed on the piezoelectric layer; and

an air-ring formed between the piezoelectric layer and the top electrode, an inner edge of the air-ring defining an outer boundary of an active region of the BAW resonator,

wherein at least one of the bottom electrode and the top electrode comprises a composite electrode having a first electrode layer of first material with low acoustic impedance formed adjacent to the piezoelectric layer and a second electrode layer of second material with high acoustic impedance formed adjacent to the first electrode layer, and

wherein a thickness of the at least one of the bottom electrode and the top electrode is approximately λ/2.

20. The BAW resonator of claim 19 , further comprising:

a collar formed on the piezoelectric layer within the air-ring.