Mixed catalyst systems and methods for chemiluminescent reactions
View Patent ↗In some embodiments, the instant invention provides a chemiluminescent system, including: an activator system, including: (a) at least one first catalyst including at least one benzyl amine; (b) at least one second catalyst including at least one of: (i) a salicylate derivative, and (ii) a benzoate derivative; (c) at least one first solvent, and (d) at least one peroxide, where the at least one first catalyst is present in an amount ranging from 1 to 99 percent by weight of a combination of the at least one first catalyst and the at least one second catalyst; where the at least one second catalyst is present in an amount ranging from 99 to 1 percent by weight of the combination of the at least one first catalyst and the at least one second catalyst; and where the chemiluminescent system has at least one chemiluminescent property.
1. A chemiluminescent system, comprising:
an activator system, comprising:
(a) at least one first catalyst comprising at least one benzyl amine;
(b) at least one second catalyst comprising at least one of:
(i) a salicylate derivative, and
(ii) a benzoate derivative;
(c) at least one first solvent, and
(d) at least one peroxide,
wherein the at least one first catalyst is present in an amount ranging from 1 to 99 percent by weight of a combination of the at least one first catalyst and the at least one second catalyst;
wherein the at least one second catalyst is present in an amount ranging from 99 to 1 percent by weight of the combination of the at least one first catalyst and the at least one second catalyst;
wherein a total concentration of the combination ranges from 0.002 to 25 percent by weight based on a total weight of the activator system; and
wherein the chemiluminescent system has at least one chemiluminescent property.
2. The chemiluminescent system of claim 1 , further comprising:
an oxalate system, comprising:
(a) at least one oxalate ester,
(b) at least one second solvent,
(c) at least one fluorescer, and
(d) at least one inorganic salt,
wherein a ratio of a weight of the oxalate system to a weight of the activator system ranges from 1:9 to 4:1.
3. The chemiluminescent system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one benzyl amine is selected from the group consisting of: dialkylbenzyl amines, alkyldibenzyl amines, tribenzyl amines, alkylarylbenzyl amines, and diarylbenzyl amines.
4. The chemiluminescent system of claim 1 , wherein the amount of the at least one benzyl amine ranges from 10 to 0.001 percent by weight based on the total weight of the chemiluminescent system.
5. The chemiluminescent system of claim 1 , wherein the salicylate derivative is selected from the group consisting of: lithium salicylate, sodium salicylate, potassium salicylate, cesium salicylate, lithium o-anisate, sodium o-anisate, potassium o-anisate, cesium o-anisate, lithium p-anisate, sodium p-anisate, potassium p-anisate, and cesium p-anisate.
6. The chemiluminescent system of claim 1 , wherein the amount of the salicylate derivative ranges from 5 to 0.0005 percent by weight based on the total weight of the chemiluminescent system.
7. The chemiluminescent system of claim 1 , wherein the benzoate derivative is selected from the group consisting of: lithium benzoate, sodium benzoate, potassium benzoate, and cesium benzoate.
8. The chemiluminescent system of claim 1 , wherein the amount of the benzoate derivative ranges from 5 to 0.0005 percent by weight based on the total weight of the chemiluminescent system.
9. The chemiluminescent system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one first solvent is selected from the group consisting of: trialkyl citrates, dialkyl phthalates, glycols, glycol ethers, and a combination thereof.
10. The chemiluminescent system of claim 1 , wherein the amount of the at least one first solvent ranges from 15 to 90 percent by weight based on the total weight of the chemiluminescent system.
11. The chemiluminescent system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one peroxide is selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen peroxide, sodium peroxide, lithium peroxide, sodium perborate, sodium pyrophosphate peroxide, urea peroxide, histidine peroxide, t-butyl-hydroperoxide, peroxybenzoic acid, and sodium percarbonate.
12. The chemiluminescent system of claim 1 , wherein the amount of the at least one peroxide ranges from 1.5 to 12 percent by weight based on the total weight of the chemiluminescent system.
13. The chemiluminescent system of claim 2 , wherein the at least one second solvent is selected from the group consisting of tert-butanol, 3-methyl-3-pentanol, 2-methyl-2-butanol, ethyl 2-hydroxyisobutyrate, methyl 2-hydroxyisobutyrate, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol dibutyl ether, and propylene glycol dimethyl ether.
14. The chemiluminescent system of claim 2 , wherein the amount of the at least one second solvent ranges from 15 to 90 percent by weight based on the total weight of the chemiluminescent system.
15. The chemiluminescent system of claim 1 , further comprising: a third solvent, wherein the third solvent is selected from the group consisting of: tert-butanol, 3-methyl-3-pentanol, 2-methyl-2-butanol, ethyl 2-hydroxyisobutyrate, methyl 2-hydroxyisobutyrate, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol dibutyl ether, propylene glycol dimethyl ether, and a combination thereof.
16. The chemiluminescent system of claim 15 , wherein the amount of the third solvent ranges from 15 to 90 percent by weight based on the total weight of the chemiluminescent system.