Low temperature activator systems and methods for chemiluminescent reactions
In some embodiments, the instant invention provides a chemiluminescent system, including: an activator system, including: (a) at least one first solvent, (b) at least one peroxide, (c) at least one catalyst, (d) at least one second solvent, where the at least one second solvent is selected from the group consisting of: tert-butanol, 3-methyl-3-pentanol, 2-methyl-2-butanol, ethyl 2-hydroxyisobutyrate, methyl 2-hydroxyisobutyrate, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol dibutyl ether, propylene glycol dimethyl ether, and a combination thereof; where a combination of the at least one first solvent and the at least one second solvent is present in a sufficient amount in the chemiluminescent system so as to result in the chemiluminescent system producing a light having an illuminescence between 0.1 1× and 35,000 1× at a temperature ranging from −110 degrees Celsius to 75 degrees Celsius.
1. A chemiluminescent system, comprising:
an activator system, comprising:
(a) at least one first solvent,
wherein the at least one first solvent is selected from the group of: triethyl citrate, ethylene glycol methyl ether, ethylene glycol dibutyl ether, and a combination thereof,
(b) at least one peroxide,
(c) at least one second solvent, wherein,
(i) when the at least one first solvent comprises triethyl citrate, the at least one second solvent is selected from the group of: 2-methyl-2-pentanol, methyl 2-hydroxyisobutyrate, and a combination thereof;
(ii) when the at least one first solvent comprises ethylene glycol methyl ether, the at least one second solvent is methyl 2-hydroxyisobutyrate; and
(iii) when the at least one first solvent comprises ethylene glycol dibutyl ether, the at least one second solvent is 3-methyl-3-pentanol or 2-methyl-2-butanol; and
wherein the at least one first solvent and the at least one second solvent form a solvent mixture configured to be present in a liquid state at a temperature between −110 degrees Celsius to 75 degrees Celsius; and
(d) at least one catalyst,
wherein the at least one catalyst is soluble in the solvent mixture and is selected from the group consisting of: dimethylbenzylamine, N,N-dimethyl-1-phenylethylamine, N-ethyl-N-methylbenzylamine, diethylbenzylamine, N-methyl-N-propylbenzylamine, N,N-dibutylbenzylamine, N,N-bis(1-methylethyl)benzenemethanamine, methyl dibenzylamine, ethyl dibenzylamine, n-propyl dibenzylamine, iso-propyl dibenzylamine, butyl dibenzylamine, isobutyl dibenzylamine, N,N-dibenzyl-2-phenylethanamine, hexyl dibenzylamine, tribenzyl amine, 4-methyl-N,N-bis[(4-methylphenyl)methyl]benzenemethanamine, 4-methyl-N,Nbis(phenylmethyl)benzenemethanamine, N-methyl-N-phenylbenzenemethanamine, N-ethyl-N-phenylbenzenemethanamine, N,4-dimethyl-N-phenylbenzenemethanamine, phenylbenzenemethanamine, N, N-diphenylbenzenemethanamine, N-propyl-NN, N-bis(4-methylphenyl)benzenemethanamine, sodium benzoate, potassium benzoate, cesium benzoate, sodium salicylate, potassium salicylate, cesium salicylate, sodium o-anisate, potassium o-anisate, cesium o-anisate, sodium p-anisate, potassium p-anisate, and cesium p-anisate;
wherein the at least one first solvent is present in a first amount ranging from 25 and 65 percent by weight based on a total weight of the activator system;
wherein the at least one second solvent is present in a second amount ranging from 25 and 65 percent by weight based on the total weight of the activator system;
wherein a combination of the at least one first solvent and the at least one second solvent is present in a sufficient amount in the chemiluminescent system so as to result in the chemiluminescent system producing a light having an illuminescence between 0.1 lux and 35,000 lux.
2. The chemiluminescent system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one peroxide is present in a third amount ranging from 0.25 to 25 percent by weight based on the total weight of the chemiluminescent system.
3. The chemiluminescent system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one peroxide is selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen peroxide, sodium peroxide, sodium perborate, sodium pyrophosphate peroxide, urea peroxide, histidine peroxide, t-butylhydroperoxide, peroxynehzoic acid, and sodium percarbonate.
4. The chemiluminescent system of claim 1 , wherein the at least one catalyst is present in a fourth amount ranging from 5 to 0.0005 percent by weight based on the total weight of the chemiluminescent system.