Multiphase flow measurement using electromagnetic sensors
A method for determining a phase composition of a multiphase mixture flowing through a pipe is presented. The method includes exciting one or more patch antennas configured to operate over the range of frequencies. Further, the method includes acquiring at least one of a transmitted signal and a reflected signal over the range of frequencies from the one or more patch antennas. Moreover, the method includes estimating the phase composition of the multiphase mixture based on a group delay determined from at least one of the transmitted signal and the reflected signal. A system for determining a phase composition of a multiphase mixture flowing through a pipe is also presented.
1. A method for determining a phase composition of a multiphase mixture flowing through a pipe, the method comprising:
exciting one or more patch antennas configured to operate over a range of frequencies;
acquiring a transmitted signal and a reflected signal over the range of frequencies from the one or more patch antennas; and
estimating the phase composition of the multiphase mixture based on a group delay;
wherein the group delay corresponding to transmitted and reflected signals for a given frequency is determined based on first and second phase angles of the transmitted and reflected signals at first and second frequencies that are adjacent to the given frequency.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein exciting the one or more patch antennas comprises:
generating at least one of the transmitted signal and the reflected signal based on the excitation of the one or more patch antennas; and
determining an amplitude, a phase angle, the group delay, or combinations thereof of at least one of the transmitted signal and the reflected signal.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein estimating the phase composition of the multiphase mixture further comprises determining the phase composition based on the amplitude, the phase angle, or a combination thereof of at least one of the transmitted signal and the reflected signal.
4. The method of claim 3 , further comprising determining an unwrapped phase angle of at least one of the transmitted signal and the reflected signal based on the group delay, the amplitude, or a combination thereof.
5. The method of claim 2 , further comprising determining a permittivity of the multiphase mixture based on at least one of the group delay, the amplitude, and the phase angle of at least one of the transmitted signal and the reflected signal.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein estimating the phase composition of the multiphase mixture comprises determining the phase composition based on the permittivity of the multiphase mixture.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein estimating the phase composition of the multiphase mixture comprises:
determining at least one of a signature of the transmitted signal and a signature of the reflected signal;
estimating a flow regime of the multiphase mixture based on at least one of the signature of the transmitted signal and the signature of the reflected signal; and
determining the phase composition of the multiphase mixture based on the flow regime.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein estimating the flow regime of the multiphase mixture comprises analyzing a plurality of statistical parameters corresponding to the signature of at least one of the transmitted signal and the reflected signal.
9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising disposing the one or more patch antennas proximate to the multiphase mixture.
10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising disposing a protective cover on the one or more patch antennas.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more patch antennas have a rectangular shape, a circular shape, a ring shape, a diamond shape, an elliptical shape, a square shape, or combinations thereof.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the range of frequencies is from about 1000 MHz to about 3000 MHz with a step size of 2 MHz.
13. A system for determining a phase composition of a multiphase mixture flowing through a pipe, the system comprising:
one or more patch antennas disposed on or about the pipe;
a controller configured to:
excite the one or more patch antennas at one or more frequencies;
acquire a transmitted signal and a reflected signal corresponding to the one or more frequencies; and
estimate the phase composition of the multiphase mixture based on a group delay;
wherein the group delay corresponding to transmitted and reflected signals for a given frequency is determined based on first and second phase angles of the transmitted and reflected signals at first and second frequencies that are adjacent to the given frequency.
14. The system of claim 13 , wherein the one or more patch antennas are disposed on an exterior surface of the pipe.
15. The system of claim 13 , wherein the one or more patch antennas are configured to conform to a surface of the pipe.
16. The system of claim 13 , wherein the one or more patch antennas are arranged such that the one or more patch antennas are recessed away from an interior flow space of the pipe.
17. The system of claim 13 , wherein the one or more patch antennas are arranged such that the one or more patch antennas protrude into a portion of an interior flow space of the pipe.
18. The system of claim 13 , wherein the one or more patch antennas comprise electromagnetic sensors.
19. The system of claim 13 , further comprising a protective cover disposed on the one or more patch antennas.