Electrochromic device and method for manufacturing electrochromic device
The invention relates to devices that provide a color change under the influence of an electric voltage, in particular to an electrochromic device and a method for manufacturing such a device. Disclosed is the method for manufacturing an electrochromic device comprising at least two electrodes that are flexible and optically transparent with a hermetically closed space between the electrodes filled with an electrochromic composition that may contain transparent and insoluble microparticles that function as spacers.
1. A method for manufacturing an electrochromic device, the method comprising:
providing at least two flexible electrodes having a space therebetween;
preparing a dispersion phase comprising a polymer;
preparing a dispersion medium comprising a liquid solvent, a cathodic component, an anodic component, a polymerizable monomer mixture, and a polymerization thermal activator;
combining the dispersion phase and the dispersion medium to form an eletrochromic composition comprising a colloidal dispersion in which the polymer is dispersed in the dispersion medium;
combining the electrochromic composition with transparent microparticles that are insoluble in the liquid solvent;
filling the space with the electrochromic composition and hermetically sealing the space after filling; and
after combining the dispersion phase and the dispersion medium and after filling the space, polymerizing the polymerizable monomer mixture in the colloidal dispersion in the presence of the polymer dispersed in the dispersion medium.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the amount of the monomer mixture is such that a solid layer is formed after polymerizing the polymerizable monomer mixture in the presence of the polymer.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the amount of the polymerization thermal activator is sufficient to thermally activate polymerization of the monomer mixture.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the transparent microparticles serve as spacers for providing a predetermined distance between the at least two flexible electrodes.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the transparent microparticles have a refractive index close to the refractive index of the electrochromic composition.
6. The method of claim 4 , wherein the transparent microparticles have dimensions ranging from 20 μm to 200 μm.
7. The method of claim 4 , wherein the transparent insoluble microparticles are evenly distributed over a volume occupied by the electrochromic composition.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least two flexible electrodes comprise polymeric substrates coated on one side thereof with a transparent electrically conductive layer of doped indium oxide (In 2 O 3 ) or doped tin oxide (SnO 2 ).
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the polymeric substrates are polyethylene terephthalate substrates.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein polymerizing comprises heating to thermally activate the polymerization of the monomer mixture.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein heating is performed after hermetically sealing.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the dispersion medium comprises 1,1′-dibenzyl-4,4′-bipyridinium diperchlorate and 1,1′-diethylferrocene in propylene carbonate.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the polymer is a copolymer of polymethylmethacrylate and methacrylic acid.