Flow sensor
A method and apparatus for measuring the rate of flow of an ion-containing fluid in a channel are disclosed herein. The apparatus includes a captive sensor operable to detect changes in capacitance value due to the deflection of the ions in the fluid by a magnetic field, and a processor operable to determine a flow speed of fluid from the detected change in capacitance value and a predetermined value of magnetic field strength. Such apparatus may be implemented using CMOS technology. The apparatus may operate in a magnetic field generated by a permanent magnet and measure the flow reliably.
1. A flow sensor for detecting the rate of flow of an ion-containing fluid in a channel, the flow sensor comprising:
a capacitive sensor, wherein the capacitive sensor is placed on only one side of the channel; and
a processor coupled to the capacitive sensor; wherein
the capacitive sensor is operable to detect changes in capacitance value due to the deflection of the ions in the fluid by a magnetic field, and
the processor is operable to determine a flow speed of the fluid from the detected change in capacitance value and a predetermined value of magnetic field strength.
2. The flow sensor of claim 1 wherein the capacitive sensor comprises a plurality of nano-electrodes.
3. The flow sensor of claim 2 wherein the capacitive sensor further comprises a plurality of charge pump circuits and a plurality of integration capacitors and wherein each of the plurality of charge pump circuits is coupled to a respective one of the plurality of nano-electrodes and a respective one of the plurality of integration capacitors.
4. The flow sensor of claim 1 further comprising a temperature sensor coupled to the processor wherein the flow sensor is operable to measure a fluid temperature and the processor is operable to adjust the determination of the flow rate in response to the detected temperature.
5. The flow sensor of claim 1 further comprising a magnetic field sensor coupled to the processor, wherein the flow sensor is further operable to detect a magnetic field strength and the processor is operable to adjust the determination of the flow rate in response to the detected magnetic field strength.
6. The flow sensor of claim 1 wherein the processor is further operable to calculate the volume of fluid flowing in a channel of a predetermined cross-sectional area past the capacitive sensor.
7. The flow sensor of claim 1 further comprising a touch sensor coupled to the processor, wherein the flow sensor is operable to change from a standby mode of operation to a normal mode of operation in response to the touch sensor being touched by a user.
8. The flow sensor of claim 1 further comprising a near field communication receiver coupled to the processor.
9. The flow sensor of claim 1 further comprising a radio frequency transponder coupled to the processor.
10. The flow sensor of claim 1 further comprising a pH sensor coupled to the processor wherein the flow sensor is operable to detect a change of chemical composition of the fluid.
11. The flow sensor of claim 1 , comprising a magnet arranged such that in operation the magnetic field displaces one of the positive ions and the negative ions in the fluid towards the capacitive sensor.
12. A tap comprising a flow measurement apparatus comprising:
a flow sensor for detecting the rate of flow of an ion-containing fluid in a channel, the flow sensor comprising:
a capacitive sensor, wherein the capacitive sensor is placed on only one side of the channel; and
a processor coupled to the capacitive sensor; wherein
the capacitive sensor is operable to detect changes in capacitance value due to the deflection of the ions in the fluid by a magnetic field, and
the processor is operable to determine a flow speed of the fluid from the detected change in capacitance value and a predetermined value of magnetic field strength; and
a magnet arranged such that in operation the magnetic field displaces one of the positive ions and the negative ions in the fluid towards the capacitive sensor.
13. The tap of claim 12 , wherein
the flow sensor further comprises a near field communication receiver coupled to the processor; and
the near field communication receiver is operable to receive data representing the predetermined volume transmitted from a near field communication transmitter.
14. The tap of claim 12 , wherein
the flow sensor further comprises a touch sensor coupled to the processor, wherein the flow sensor is operable to change from a standby mode of operation to a normal mode of operation in response to the touch sensor being touched by a user; and
the flow sensor is coupled to an actuator for controlling a valve and wherein the tap is operable to open and/or close the valve in response to the touch sensor being touched.
15. A method of measuring the flow rate of an ion-containing fluid, the method comprising:
detecting, on only one side of a channel, a change in capacitance value due to the deflection of the ions in the fluid by a magnetic field, and
determining a flow rate from the change in capacitance value.