POWER TRANSFORMATION SYSTEM
A power transformation system having a power stealing mode for powering a device indirectly through an electrical load connected to a power source and also has a characterization mode. The transfer of energy from the power source via the load may go undetected. The system may store energy from the load in an ultra or super capacitor. This energy may be used to power Wi-Fi and various thermostat applications, among other things, associated with HVAC and building automation and management systems. Energy from the load may be supplemented or substituted with energy from a battery and/or a buck converter. In the characterization mode, the system may obtain data relative to power usage of a load and determine a profile to identify one or more components and their operating conditions.
1 . A method for power transformation comprising:
providing a rectifier having a first input terminal for connection to a first terminal of a power source, second input terminal for connection to a first terminal of a first load, and having first and second output terminals;
connecting an input of a first current source to the first output terminal of the rectifier;
connecting an output of the first current source to the second output terminal of the rectifier;
connecting an input of a second current source to the first output terminal of the rectifier;
connecting an output of the second current source to a first terminal of an ultra capacitor; and
connecting a second terminal of the ultra capacitor to the second output terminal of the rectifier; and
wherein:
the first load has a second terminal for connection to a second terminal of the power source;
the first current source has a control terminal;
an amount of current through the first current source is adjustable from zero to 100 percent of current available to the first current source from the rectifier, according to a signal to the control terminal; and
an amount of current available for the second current source is the current available to the first current source minus the amount of current to the first current source; and
current from the second current source, if any or all, goes to the ultra capacitor and/or a mechanism connected in parallel with the ultra capacitor.
2 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising providing a mechanism for determining a magnitude of voltage between the first and second output terminals of the rectifier to determine a magnitude of voltage appropriate for entering a state of harvesting energy.
3 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising providing a mechanism for determining magnitude of voltage between an input of the second current source and the second output of the rectifier to determine if the first current source is out of saturation, and if out saturation an extent of being out of saturation.
4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the ultra capacitor has a capacitance ranging from 0.2 to 200 farads.
5 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising adjusting a current from the second current source to the ultra capacitor according to a range selection by a signal to a control terminal of the second current source.
6 . The method of claim 5 , wherein:
the signal to the control terminal of the first current source is provided by a controller; and
the signal to a control terminal of the second current source is provided by the controller.
7 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising adding current from a battery to the ultra capacitor and/or the mechanism.
8 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising adding current from one or more electrical sources to the mechanism.
9 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
adding current from a from first and second output terminals of a buck converter to the mechanism; and
wherein:
the buck converter has first and second input terminals connected to first and second output terminals, respectively, of a second rectifier; and
the second rectifier has first and second terminals for connection to the first and second terminals, respectively, of the power source.
10 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
disconnecting and connecting the first load directly and indirectly across the power source with a switch arrangement; and
wherein the switch arrangement comprises a first switch connected between the first terminal of the first load and the first terminal of the power source, and a second switch connected between the first terminal of the first load and the second input terminal of the rectifier.
11 . The method of claim 10 , further comprising:
connecting a first terminal of one or more additional loads to the second input terminal of the rectifier and a second terminal to a second terminal of the power source; and
disconnecting and connecting the one or more additional loads directly and indirectly across the first and second terminals of the power source with a second switch arrangement; and
wherein:
the second switch arrangement comprises a third switch connected between the first terminal of the second load to the first terminal of the power source and a fourth switch connected between the first terminal of the one or more additional loads and the second input of the rectifier;
the fourth switch is closed and the third switch is opened;
the second switch is closed and the first switch is opened; and
current is available to the rectifier via the first load and the one or more additional loads.
12 . The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
connecting a current measuring device at the output of the first current source;
connecting a voltage measuring device across the first and second output terminals of the rectifier;
calculating an impedance of the first load from measurements from the current and voltage measuring devices; and
adding or removing a capacitance across the first and second output terminals of the rectifier and/or adjusting current flow through the first current source according to the impedance.
13 . A power transformation circuit comprising:
a rectifier having a first input for connection to a first terminal of a power supply, a second input for connection to a first terminal of a first load, a first output, and a second output connected to a reference terminal;
a first current source having an input connected to the first output of the rectifier and having an output connected to the reference terminal;
a second current source having an input connected to the first output of the rectifier; and
an ultra capacitor having a first terminal connected to an output of the second current source and a second terminal connected to the reference terminal; and
wherein:
the first load has a second terminal for connection to a second terminal of the power supply; and
the first and second terminals of the ultra capacitor are for providing current to a device.
14 . The circuit of claim 13 , wherein the first current source has a control terminal for a signal to adjust an amount of current flowing from the input to the output of the first current source.
15 . The circuit of claim 14 , wherein:
the first current source can conduct virtually all of the current available from the rectifier; and
current from the second current source is adjustable at the second current source for charging the ultra capacitor.
16 . The circuit of claim 14 , wherein the current flow of the first current source is adjustable from virtually zero percent to 100 percent of the current available to the first current source, according to a signal to the control terminal of the first current source.
17 . The circuit of claim 16 , wherein the amount of current available to the second current source is an amount of the current available to the first current source minus an amount of current flowing through the first current source.
18 . The circuit of claim 17 , wherein:
at least a portion of the current provided to the second current source can be stored as a charge at the capacitor; and
an amount of current provided to the second current source can be provided to the device having a first terminal for connection to the first terminal of the capacitor and a second terminal for connection to the second terminal of the capacitor.
19 . The circuit of claim 13 , further comprising:
a first switch for connection or disconnection of a connection between the first terminal of the first load and the second input of the rectifier; and
a second switch for connection or disconnection of a connection between the first terminal of the load and the first terminal of the power supply; and
wherein:
if the second switch is on, then the first switch should be on before the second switch is turned off; and
if the first switch is on, then the second switch should be on before the first switch is turned off.
20 . A power transformation system comprising:
a rectifier having a first input connected to a first terminal of a power source, a second input connected to a first terminal of a load, a first output, and a second output connected to a reference terminal;
a first current source having a first terminal connected to the first output of the rectifier, and a second terminal connected to the reference terminal;
a second current source having a first terminal connected to the first output of the rectifier, and a second terminal; and
an ultra capacitor having a first terminal connected to the second terminal of the second current source, and a second terminal connected to the reference terminal; and
wherein a second terminal of the load is connected to a second terminal of the power source.
21 . The system of claim 20 , wherein the first current source comprises:
a first state of conduction; and
a second state of conduction; and
wherein:
the first state of conduction of the first current source is when the first current source conducts virtually all of the current available to the first current source;
the second state of conduction is when the first current source conducts a first portion of virtually all of the current available to the first current source; and
a second portion of virtually all of the current available to the first current source can be conducted by the second current source to the ultra capacitor and/or a device.
22 . The system of claim 20 , further comprising:
a switch connected between the first output of the rectifier and the first terminal of the second current source; and
wherein:
the second current source provides current to the ultra capacitor; and
when the ultra capacitor is charged to a predetermined value, a controller receives a value indication from the first terminal of the ultra capacitor, and provides a signal to the switch to disconnect the first terminal of the second current source from the first output of the rectifier, or to reduce an amount of current to the ultra capacitor.
23 . The system of claim 21 , further comprising:
a first switch connecting the first terminal of the load to the first terminal of the power source; and
wherein when the first switch is turned on to establish a connection between the first terminal of the load and the first terminal of the power source, current is routed away from the rectifier and consequently reduces an amount of current available to the first current source.