Electrically conductive membrane pump/transducer and methods to make and use same
An improved electrically conductive membrane pump/transducer. The electrically conductive pump/transducer includes an array of electrically conductive membrane pumps that combine to generate a desired sound by moving a membrane (such as a membrane of PDMS), a piston, and/or by the use of pressurized airflow in the absence of such a membrane or piston. The electrically conductive membranes in the array can be, for example, graphene-polymer membranes. The electrically conductive pump can include mid-range, tweeter, and sub-woofer speakers.
1. An audio speaker comprising at least one valve-less electrostatic pump, wherein each valve-less electrostatic pump comprises:
(a) an electrically conductive membrane;
(b) a first electrically conductive stator having a plurality of holes located on a first side of the electrically conductive membrane;
(c) a second electrically conductive stator having a plurality of holes located on a second side the electrically conductive membrane;
(d) a plurality of first support material members in contact with the first electrically conductive stator; and
(e) a plurality of second support material members in contact with the second electrically conductive stator, wherein
(i) the plurality of the first support material members (A) support the first electrically conductive stator, (B) form a first vent structure operable to serve as the first vent structure, and (C) are positioned such that air can flow between the plurality of the first support material members in a direction that is substantially parallel to the first electrically conductive stator; and
(ii) the plurality of the second support material members (A) support the second electrically conductive stator, (B) form a second vent structure operable to serve as the second vent structure, and (C) are positioned such that air can flow between the plurality of the second support material members in a direction that is substantially parallel to the second electrically conductive stator.
2. The audio speaker of claim 1 , wherein air can flow through the holes of the first electrically conductive stator and the second electrically conductive stator.
3. The audio speaker of claim 1 , wherein the electrically conductive membrane comprises a polymer and an electrically conductive material.
4. The audio speaker of claim of 3 , wherein the electrically conductive membrane has an electrical resistance in excess of one million ohms per square.
5. The audio speaker of claim 1 further comprising a pump stack wherein the pump stack comprises a plurality of valve-less electrostatic pumps.
6. The audio speaker of claim 5 , wherein each of the valve-less electrostatic pumps in the pump stack is operable to be individually addressed with a voltage.
7. The audio speaker of claim 1 , wherein the at least one valve-less electrostatic pump comprises at least one valve-less annular electrostatic pump.
8. The audio speaker of claim 7 further comprising an annular pump stack, wherein the annular pump stack comprises a plurality of valve-less annular electrostatic pumps.
9. The audio speaker of claim 1 , wherein the at least one valve-less electrostatic pump comprises at least one valve-less curved electrostatic pump.
10. The audio speaker of claim 9 further comprising a curved pump stack, wherein the curved pump stack comprises a plurality of valve-less curved electrostatic pumps.
11. The audio speaker of claim 1 , wherein
(a) the electrically conductive membrane is flat when in its relaxed position;
(b) the plurality of the first support material members is a plurality of first curved support material members; and
(c) the plurality of the second support material members is a plurality of second curved support material members.
12. An audio speaker comprising a stack of at least four valve-less electrostatic pumps wherein each of valve-less electrostatic pumps comprises:
(a) an electrically conductive membrane;
(b) a first electrically conductive stator having a plurality of holes located on a first side of the electrically conductive membrane;
(c) a second electrically conductive stator having a plurality of holes located on a second side the electrically conductive membrane;
(d) a plurality of first support material members in contact with the first electrically conductive stator; and
(e) a plurality of second support material members in contact with the second electrically conductive stator, wherein
(i) the plurality of the first support material members (A) support the first electrically conductive stator, (B) form a first vent structure operable to serve as the first vent structure and (C) are positioned such that air can flow between the plurality of the first support material members in a direction that is substantially parallel to the first electrically conductive stator; and
(ii) the plurality of the second support material members (A) support the second electrically conductive stator, (B) form a second vent structure operable to serve as the second vent structure and (C) are positioned such that air can flow between the plurality of the second support material members in a direction that is substantially parallel to the second electrically conductive stator.
13. The audio speaker of claim 12 , wherein each of the valve-less electrostatic pumps within the stack is operable to can be individually addressed with a voltage.
14. The audio speaker of claim 12 , wherein the electrically conductive membrane of each of the valve-less electrostatic pumps is mechanically separated from the electrically conductive membranes of the other valve-less electrostatic pumps within the stack.
15. The audio speaker of claim 12 , wherein
(a) the number of the first support material members in the plurality of the first support material members is more than two; and
(b) the number of the second support material members in the plurality of the second support material members is more than two.