Electrically conductive membrane pump/transducer and methods to make and use same
An improved electrically conductive membrane pump/transducer. The electrically conductive pump/transducer includes an array of electrically conductive membrane pumps that combine to generate a desired sound by moving a membrane (such as a membrane of PDMS), a piston, and/or by the use of pressurized airflow in the absence of such a membrane or piston. The electrically conductive membranes in the array can be, for example, graphene-polymer membranes. The electrically conductive pump can include mid-range, tweeter, and sub-woofer speakers.
1. An audio speaker comprising: at least one valve-less electrostatic pump, wherein each of the at least one valve-less electrostatic pumps comprises:
(a) an electrically conductive membrane;
(b) a first solid electrically conductive stator located on a first side of the electrically conductive membrane;
(c) a second solid electrically conductive stator located on a second side of the electrically conductive membrane;
(d) a plurality of first support material members located between the electrically conductive membrane and the first solid electrically conductive stator;
(e) a plurality of second support material members located between the electrically conductive membrane and the second solid electrically conductive stator;
(f) a first cross-sectional airflow area located between the plurality of the first support material members, the first solid electrically conductive stator, and the electrically conductive membrane; and
(g) a second cross-sectional airflow area located between the plurality of the second support material members, the second solid electrically conductive stator, and the electrically conductive membrane, wherein
(i) the plurality of first support material members (A) at least partially support the electrically conductive membrane, (B) at least partially support the first solid electrically conductive stator, and (C) at least partially form a first vent structure operable to serve as the first vent structure; and
(ii) the plurality of second support material members (A) at least partially support the electrically conductive membrane, (B) at least partially support the second solid electrically conductive stator, and (C) at least partially form a second vent structure operable to serve as the second vent structure.
2. The audio speaker of claim 1 , wherein the electrically conductive membrane comprises a polymer and an electrically conductive material.
3. The audio speaker of claim 1 , wherein the at least one valve-less electrostatic pump comprises at least one valve-less annular electrostatic pump.
4. The audio speaker of claim 3 further comprising an annular pump stack, wherein the annular pump stack comprises a plurality of valve-less annular electrostatic pumps.
5. The audio speaker of claim of 1 , wherein the electrically conductive membrane has an electrical resistance in excess of one million ohms per square.
6. The audio speaker of claim 1 , further comprising a pump stack wherein the pump stack comprises a plurality of valve-less electrostatic pumps.
7. The audio speaker of claim 6 , wherein each of the valve-less electrostatic pumps in the plurality of valve-less electrostatic pumps is operable to be individually addressed with a voltage.
8. The audio speaker of claim 1 , wherein air can flow between the plurality of first support material members in a direction that is parallel to the first solid electrically conductive stator.
9. The audio speaker of claim 1 , wherein air can flow between the plurality of second support material members in a direction that is parallel to the second solid electrically conductive stator.
10. The audio speaker of claim 1 , wherein the at least one valve-less electrostatic pump comprises at least one valve-less curved electrostatic pump.
11. The audio speaker of claim 10 further comprising a curved pump stack, wherein the curved pump stack comprises a plurality of valve-less curved electrostatic pumps.
12. An audio speaker comprising a parallel array of at least four valve-less electrostatic pumps, wherein each of the at least four valve-less electrostatic pumps comprises:
(a) an electrically conductive membrane;
(b) a first solid electrically conductive stator located on a first side of the electrically conductive membrane;
(c) a second solid electrically conductive stator located on a second side of the electrically conductive membrane;
(d) a plurality of first support material members located between the electrically conductive membrane and the first solid electrically conductive stator;
(e) a plurality of second support material members located between the electrically conductive membrane and the second solid electrically conductive stator;
(f) a first cross-sectional airflow area located between the plurality of first support material members, the first electrically conductive stator, and the electrically conductive membrane; and
(g) a second cross-sectional airflow area located between the plurality of second support material members, the second electrically conductive stator, and the electrically conductive membrane, wherein
(i) the plurality of first support material members (A) at least partially support the electrically conductive membrane, (B) at least partially support the first electrically conductive stator, and (C) at least partially form a first vent structure operable to serve as the first vent structure; and
(ii) the plurality of second support material members (A) at least partially support the electrically conductive membrane, (B) at least partially support the second electrically conductive stator, and (C) at least partially form a second vent structure operable to serve as the second vent structure.
13. The audio speaker of claim 12 , wherein
(a) the number of the first support material members in the plurality of the first support material members is more than two; and
(b) the number of the second support material members in the plurality of the second support material members is more than two.
14. The audio speaker of claim 12 , wherein
(a) the first support material members in the plurality of the first support material members comprise a first non-conductive material;
(b) the second support material members in the plurality of the second support material members comprise a second non-conductive material; and
(c) the first non-conductive material and the second non-conductive can be the same or different non-conductive materials.
15. The audio speaker of claim 12 , wherein air can flow through the first cross-sectional airflow area in a direction that is parallel to the first solid electrically conductive stator.
16. The audio speaker of claim 12 , wherein air can flow through the second cross-sectional airflow area in a direction that is parallel to the second solid electrically conductive stator.
17. An audio speaker comprising at least one valve-less electrostatic pump wherein each of the at least one valve-less electrostatic pumps comprises:
(a) an electrically conductive membrane;
(b) a first solid electrically conductive stator located on a first side of the electrically conductive membrane;
(c) a second solid electrically conductive stator located on a second side of the electrically conductive membrane;
(d) a plurality of first support material members located between the electrically conductive membrane and the first solid electrically conductive stator;
(e) a plurality of second support material members located between the electrically conductive membrane and the second solid electrically conductive stator;
(f) a first cross-sectional airflow area located between the plurality of the first support material members, the first electrically conductive stator, and the electrically conductive membrane; and
(g) a second cross-sectional airflow area located between the plurality of the second support material members, the second electrically conductive stator, and the electrically conductive membrane, wherein
(i) air can flow through the first cross-sectional airflow area in a direction that is parallel to the first solid electrically conductive stator, and
(ii) air can flow through the second cross-sectional airflow area in a direction that is parallel to the second solid electrically conductive stator.