System and method for forming bonded substrates
An apparatus for bonding two substrates includes a first roller, a second roller that forms a nip with the first roller, a substrate transport configured to move the first substrate and a second substrate through the nip simultaneously, and a controller. The controller operates the substrate transport to move the first substrate and the second substrate through the nip simultaneously, with a pattern of a hydrophobic material on a first side of the first substrate engaging a first side of the second substrate. The first substrate engages the first roller, which has a higher temperature than the second roller, and the hydrophobic material penetrates the first and second substrates to bond the substrates together.
1. An apparatus for bonding a first substrate to a second substrate comprising:
a first roller;
a second roller configured to engage the first roller to form a nip;
a first heater operatively connected to the first roller and configured to heat the first roller to a first temperature that is greater than a second temperature of the second roller;
a substrate transport configured to move the first substrate and a second substrate through the nip simultaneously; and
a controller operatively connected the first heater and the substrate transport, the controller being configured to:
activate the first heater to heat the first roller to the first temperature;
operate the substrate transport to move the first substrate and the second substrate through the nip with a predetermined pattern of a hydrophobic material on the first side of the first substrate engaging a first side of the second substrate, a second side of the first substrate engaging the second roller and a second side of the second substrate engaging the first roller to enable the hydrophobic material in the predetermined pattern to bond the first substrate to the second substrate; and
operate the first heater to heat the first roller to the first predetermined temperature to produce a temperature gradient in the nip to liquefy the hydrophobic material and enable a first portion of the hydrophobic material to penetrate the first substrate and a second portion of the hydrophobic material to penetrate the second substrate, the first portion being greater than the second portion.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the temperature gradient in the nip is between approximately 900 C at the first roller and approximately 200 C to 400 C at the second roller.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first predetermined temperature of the first roller is between 650 C and 1400 C.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , the hydrophobic material comprising phase-change ink.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , the second roller being configured to engage the first roller with a predetermined pressure to enable the nip to apply pressure to the hydrophobic material in the nip to bond the first substrate to the second substrate.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising:
an actuator operatively connected to at least one of the first roller and the second roller; and
the controller being operatively connected to the actuator and further configured to:
operate the actuator to rotate the first roller and the second roller at a predetermined velocity that enables a predetermined portion of the first substrate and the second substrate to remain in the nip in a range of approximately 0.1 seconds to 10 seconds.
7. A method of bonding a first substrate to a second substrate comprising:
activating with a controller a first heater to heat a first roller to the first temperature;
engaging with the controller a second roller to the first roller to form a nip,
the second roller having a second temperature that is lower than the first temperature;
operating with the controller a substrate transport to move the first substrate and a second substrate through the nip with a predetermined printed pattern of a hydrophobic material on the first side of the first substrate engaging a first side of the second substrate, a second side of the first substrate engaging the second roller and a second side of the second substrate engaging the first roller to enable the hydrophobic material in the predetermined printed pattern to bond the first substrate to the second substrate; and
operating with the controller the first heater to heat the first roller to the first predetermined temperature to produce a temperature gradient in the nip to liquefy the hydrophobic material and enable a first portion of the hydrophobic material to penetrate the first substrate and a second portion of the hydrophobic material to penetrate the second substrate, the first portion being greater than the second portion.
8. The method of claim 7 wherein the temperature gradient in the nip is between approximately 90° C. at the first roller and a range of 20° C. to 40° C. at the second roller.
9. The method of claim 7 wherein the first predetermined temperature of the first roller is between 65° C. and 140° C.
10. The method of claim 7 , the hydrophobic material comprising phase-change ink.
11. The method of claim 7 , the second roller being configured to engage the first roller with a predetermined pressure to enable the nip to apply pressure to the hydrophobic material in the nip to bond the first substrate to the second substrate.
12. The method of claim 7 further comprising:
operating with the controller an actuator to rotate the first roller and the second roller at a predetermined velocity that enables a predetermined portion of the first substrate and the second substrate to remain in the nip in a range of approximately 0.1 seconds to 10 seconds.
13. A chemical assay device configured to direct a diffusion of a fluid comprising:
a first substrate comprising:
a first side with a predetermined location that is configured to receive a biological fluid sample;
a second substrate with a first side that engages a second side of the first substrate to receive fluid from the biological fluid sample that diffuses through the first substrate; and
a hydrophobic material that penetrates the first substrate and the second substrate to bond the first substrate to the second substrate, a first portion of the hydrophobic material penetrates the first substrate and a second portion of the hydrophobic material penetrates the second substrate, the second portion being greater than the first portion.
14. The chemical assay device of claim 13 , the first substrate and the second substrate comprising paper.
15. The chemical assay device of claim 14 , the hydrophobic material comprising a hydrophobic material that prevents a diffusion of the biological fluid sample through portions of the first substrate and the second substrate that are penetrated by the hydrophobic material.