Lightweight polymer ammunition cartridge casings
One embodiment of the present invention provides a polymeric ammunition cartridge and methods of making and using the same. The cartridge includes a substantially cylindrical insert connected to a substantially cylindrical polymeric middle body. The substantially cylindrical insert includes a top surface opposite a bottom surface and a substantially cylindrical coupling element that extends from the bottom surface, a primer recess in the top surface that extends toward the bottom surface, a primer flash hole positioned in the primer recess to extend through the bottom surface, and a flange that extends circumferentially about an outer edge of the top surface. The substantially cylindrical polymeric middle body includes a substantially cylindrical polymeric bullet-end and a substantially cylindrical polymeric coupling end connected by a powder chamber, wherein the substantially cylindrical polymeric coupling end extends over the substantially cylindrical coupling element and covers a circumferential surface of the primer flash hole.
1. A method of making a substantially cylindrical insert by metal injection molding comprising the steps of:
providing an injection mold of the substantially cylindrical insert, the insert mold comprising a top surface opposite a bottom surface and a substantially cylindrical coupling element that extends from the bottom surface, a primer recess in the top surface that extends toward the bottom surface, a primer flash hole aperture positioned in the primer recess to extend through the bottom surface, a groove in the primer recess around the primer flash hole aperture, and a flange that extends circumferentially about an outer edge of the top surface;
providing a molding feedstock;
injection molding the molding feedstock into the injection mold to form an substantially cylindrical insert having a first size;
and
removing the substantially cylindrical insert form the injection mold to form a finished substantially cylindrical insert.
2. The substantially cylindrical insert of claim 1 , wherein the molding feedstock comprises a polymer, a stainless steel, a brass, or a ceramic alloy.
3. The substantially cylindrical insert of claim 1 , wherein the molding feedstock comprises 102, 174, 201, 202, 300, 302, 303, 304, 308, 309, 316, 316L, 316Ti, 321, 405, 408, 409, 410, 415, 416, 416R, 420, 430, 439, 440, 446 or 601-665 grade stainless steel.
4. The metal injection molding substantially cylindrical insert of claim 3 .
5. The substantially cylindrical insert of claim 1 , wherein the finished substantially cylindrical insert is about 10 percent to about 20 percent smaller than the finished substantially cylindrical insert.
6. The metal injection molding substantially cylindrical insert of claim 5 .
7. The metal injection molding substantially cylindrical insert made by the process of claim 1 .
8. An ammunition cartridge comprising:
a substantially cylindrical insert made by the process of injection molding comprising the steps of:
providing an injection mold of the substantially cylindrical insert to form a substantially cylindrical insert wherein the substantially cylindrical insert mold comprises a top surface opposite a bottom surface and a substantially cylindrical coupling element that extends from the bottom surface, a primer recess in the top surface that extends toward the bottom surface, a primer flash hole aperture positioned in the primer recess to extend through the bottom surface, and a flange that extends circumferentially about an outer edge of the top surface;
providing a feedstock for injection into the injection mold;
injecting the feedstock into the injection mold to form an substantially cylindrical insert; and
removing the finished substantially cylindrical insert from the injection mold;
a substantially cylindrical polymeric middle body having a connection end and a second end that is molded over the substantially cylindrical insert and into the primer flash hole aperture;
a nose comprising a bullet aperture for receiving a projectile, connected to a neck that extends to a shoulder that adapts to connect to the connection end,
wherein a propellant chamber is formed between the bullet aperture and the primer flash hole aperture.
9. The ammunition cartridge of claim 8 , wherein the substantially cylindrical polymeric middle body comprise a nylon polymer.
10. The ammunition cartridge of claim 8 , wherein the nose is adhesively fitted to the substantially cylindrical polymeric middle body.
11. The ammunition cartridge of claim 8 , wherein the nose is adhesively fitted to the substantially cylindrical polymeric middle body with a curable polymer adhesive.
12. The ammunition cartridge of claim 8 , wherein the substantially cylindrical insert further comprises a coating to adjust the shrinkage.
13. The ammunition cartridge of claim 8 , wherein the bullet aperture comprises a first and a second mechanical interlock for engagement of a bullet.
14. The ammunition cartridge of claim 8 , wherein the bullet aperture comprises one or more cannelures formed on an inner circumferential surface of the forward opening end.
15. The ammunition cartridge of claim 8 , wherein the bullet aperture comprises one, two, three, or more annular rings that mate with one, two, three, or more corresponding annular grooves positioned on a bullet.
16. The ammunition cartridge of claim 8 , wherein a bullet is adhesively fitted to the forward opening end.