Printable composition of a liquid or gel suspension of diodes
An exemplary printable composition of a liquid or gel suspension of diodes comprises a plurality of diodes, a first solvent and/or a viscosity modifier. In other exemplary embodiments a second solvent is also included, and the composition has a viscosity substantially between about 100 cps and about 25,000 cps at about 25° C. In an exemplary embodiment, a composition comprises: a plurality of diodes or other two-terminal integrated circuits; one or more solvents comprising about 15% to 99.9% of any of N-propanol, isopropanol, dipropylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, N-octanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, cyclohexanol, and mixtures thereof; a viscosity modifier comprising about 0.10% to 2.5% methoxy propyl methylcellulose resin or hydroxy propyl methylcellulose resin or mixtures thereof; and about 0.01% to 2.5% of a plurality of substantially optically transparent and chemically inert particles having a range of sizes between about 10 to about 50 microns.
1. A composition comprising:
a first solvent;
a viscosity modifier; and
a plurality of diodes, each diode of the plurality of diodes substantially hexagonal laterally, having a lateral dimension between 10 to 50 microns, a height between 5 to 25 microns, and each diode of the plurality of diodes comprising:
a light emitting or absorbing region having a diameter between 10 and 50 microns and a height between 2 to 7 microns;
a first conductive terminal coupled to the light emitting or absorbing region on a first side, the first conductive terminal having a height less than 6 microns; and
a second conductive terminal coupled to the light emitting or absorbing region on a second side opposite the first side, the second conductive terminal having a height less than 6 microns.
2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the first solvent comprises at least one solvent selected from the group consisting of: water; alcohols, cyclic alcohols, ethers, esters, glycols, glycerols, carbonates, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran (THF), dimethyl formamide (DMF), N-methyl formamide (NMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and mixtures thereof.
3. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising:
a plurality of substantially optically transparent and chemically inert particles having a range of sizes between 10 to 50 microns and present in an amount of 0.1% to 2.5% by weight of the composition.
4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the first solvent is present in an amount of 0.3% to 50% by weight of the composition.
5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the viscosity modifier comprises at least one viscosity modifier selected from the group consisting of: a methoxy propyl methylcellulose resin, a hydroxy propyl methylcellulose resin, a polyvinyl polymer, a polyvinyl copolymer, and mixtures thereof.
6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the viscosity modifier is present in an amount of 0.30% to 5% by weight of the composition.
7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the viscosity modifier comprises at least one viscosity modifier selected from the group consisting of: clays, saccharides, polysaccharides, celluloses, modified celluloses, acrylate polymers and copolymers, (meth)acrylate polymers and copolymers, polyvinyl polymers and copolymers, polyethylene polymers and copolymers, ethers, esters, acetates, glycols, glycerols, fumed silica, silica powders, modified ureas, and mixtures thereof.
8. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising a second solvent different from the first solvent, wherein the second solvent is at least one solvent selected from the group consisting of: water; alcohols, cyclic alcohols, ethers, esters, glycols, glycerols, carbonates, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran (THF), dimethyl formamide (DMF), N-methyl formamide (NMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and mixtures thereof.
9. The composition of claim 8 , wherein the second solvent is present in an amount of 0.1% to 50% by weight of the composition.
10. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition has a viscosity substantially between 100 cps and 25,000 cps at 25° C.
11. The diode of claim 1 , wherein the light emitting or absorbing region of each diode of the plurality of diodes has a surface texture.
12. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the first conductive terminal and the second conductive terminal each comprise at least one material selected from the group consisting of: nickel, gold, aluminum, silver, titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide, zinc oxide, indium-tin oxide, antimony-tin oxide, and mixtures or combinations thereof.
13. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the first and second conductive terminals are each between 1 to 6 microns in height.
14. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the lateral sides of each diode of the plurality of diodes are substantially sigmoidal and terminate in a curved point.
15. The composition of claim 1 , wherein each diode of the plurality of diodes comprises at least one inorganic semiconductor selected from the group consisting of: silicon, gallium arsenide (GaAs), gallium nitride (GaN), GaP, InAlGaP, AlInGaAs, InGaNAs, AlInGaSb, and mixtures thereof.
16. The composition of claim 1 , wherein each diode of the plurality of diodes comprises at least one organic semiconductor selected from the group consisting of: π-conjugated polymers, poly(acetylene)s, poly(pyrrole)s, poly(thiophene)s, polyanilines, polythiophenes, poly(p-phenylene sulfide), poly(para-phenylene vinylene)s (PPV) and PPV derivatives, poly(3-alkylthiophenes), polyindole, polypyrene, polycarbazole, polyazulene, polyazepine, poly(fluorene)s, polynaphthalene, polyaniline, polyaniline derivatives, polythiophene, polythiophene derivatives, polypyrrole, polypyrrole derivatives, polythianaphthene, polythianaphthane derivatives, polyparaphenylene, polyparaphenylene derivatives, polyacetylene, polyacetylene derivatives, polydiacethylene, polydiacetylene derivatives, polyparaphenylenevinylene, polyparaphenylenevinylene derivatives, polynaphthalene, polynaphthalene derivatives, polyisothianaphthene (PITN), polyheteroarylenvinylene (ParV) in which the heteroarylene group is thiophene, furan or pyrrol, polyphenylene-sulphide (PPS), polyperinaphthalene (PPN), polyphthalocyanine (PPhc), and their derivatives, copolymers thereof and mixtures thereof.
17. A composition comprising:
a first solvent;
a viscosity modifier; and
a plurality of diodes, each diode of the plurality of diodes substantially hexagonal laterally, having a lateral dimension between 10 to 50 microns, a height between 5 to 25 microns, and each diode of the plurality of diodes comprising:
a light emitting or absorbing region having a diameter between 10 and 50 microns, a height between 2 to 7 microns, and comprising at least one inorganic semiconductor selected from the group consisting of: silicon, gallium arsenide (GaAs), gallium nitride (GaN), GaP, InAlGaP, AlInGaAs, InGaNAs, AlInGaSb, and mixtures thereof;
a first conductive terminal coupled to the light emitting or absorbing region on a first side, the first conductive terminal having a height less than 6 microns; and
a second conductive terminal coupled to the light emitting or absorbing region on a second side opposite the first side, the second conductive terminal having a height less than 6 microns;
wherein the composition has a viscosity substantially between 100 cps and 25,000 cps at 25° C.
18. The composition of claim 17 , wherein the first solvent comprises at least one solvent selected from the group consisting of: water; alcohols, cyclic alcohols, ethers, esters, glycols, glycerols, carbonates, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran (THF), dimethyl formamide (DMF), N-methyl formamide (NMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and mixtures thereof.
19. The composition of claim 17 , wherein the viscosity modifier comprises at least one viscosity modifier selected from the group consisting of: clays, saccharides, polysaccharides, celluloses, modified celluloses, acrylate polymers and copolymers, (meth)acrylate polymers and copolymers, polyvinyl polymers and copolymers, polyethylene polymers and copolymers, ethers, esters, acetates, glycols, glycerols, fumed silica, silica powders, modified ureas, and mixtures thereof.
20. The composition of claim 17 , further comprising a second solvent different from the first solvent, wherein the second solvent is at least one solvent selected from the group consisting of: water; alcohols, cyclic alcohols, ethers, esters, glycols, glycerols, carbonates, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran (THF), dimethyl formamide (DMF), N-methyl formamide (NMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and mixtures thereof.
21. The composition of claim 17 , wherein the first conductive terminal and the second conductive terminal each comprise at least one material selected from the group consisting of: nickel, gold, aluminum, silver, titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide, zinc oxide, indium-tin oxide, antimony-tin oxide, and mixtures or combinations thereof.
22. A composition comprising:
a first solvent;
a second solvent different from the first solvent;
a viscosity modifier; and
a plurality of diodes, each diode of the plurality of diodes substantially hexagonal laterally, having a lateral dimension between 10 to 50 microns, a height between 5 to 25 microns, and each diode of the plurality of diodes comprising:
a light emitting or absorbing region having a diameter between 10 and 50 microns and a height between 2 to 7 microns;
a first conductive terminal coupled to the light emitting or absorbing region on a first side, the first conductive terminal having a height less than 6 microns; and
a second conductive terminal coupled to the light emitting or absorbing region on a second side opposite the first side, the second conductive terminal having a height less than 6 microns.