Light emitting device including blue emitting quantum dots and method
A method for preparing a light emitting device comprising: disposing an electron-injection layer comprising a metal oxide on a cathode, disposing a first layer adjacent the electron-injection layer, the first layer comprising a small molecule material with a bandgap of at least about 3 eV capable of blocking holes, forming an emissive layer comprising quantum dots capable of emitting blue light upon excitation at a surface of the first layer opposite the electron-injection layer; disposing a second layer comprising a material capable of transporting holes and blocking electrons with a bandgap of at least about 3 eV adjacent a surface of the emissive layer opposite the first layer, and disposing an anode over the second layer. A light-emitting device is also disclosed.
1. A method for preparing a light emitting device comprising:
disposing an electron-injection layer comprising zinc oxide directly on a cathode comprising an indium tin oxide;
disposing a first layer directly adjacent the electron-injection layer, the first layer comprising a small molecule material with a bandgap of at least about 3 eV capable of blocking holes;
forming an emissive layer comprising quantum dots capable of emitting blue light upon excitation and disposed directly on a surface of the first layer and opposite the electron-injection layer;
disposing a second layer comprising a material capable of transporting holes and blocking electrons with a bandgap of at least about 3 eV directly adjacent a surface of the emissive layer opposite the first layer; and
disposing an anode over the second layer.
2. A method in accordance with claim 1 , further comprising heat treating after formation of the emissive layer, prior to inclusion of another layer thereover.
3. A method in accordance with claim 1 , further comprising disposing a third layer comprising a material capable of transporting holes over the second layer before inclusion of the anode.
4. A method in accordance with claim 3 , wherein the third layer comprises a small molecule material.
5. A method in accordance with claim 1 , further comprising disposing a hole injection layer over an uppermost layer prior to including the anode.
6. A method for preparing a light emitting device in accordance with claim 1 , further comprising encapsulating the device.
7. A method in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the electron-injection layer comprises zinc oxide.
8. A method in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the second layer comprises a small molecule material.
9. A method in accordance with claim 1 , wherein first layer inhibits emission from device materials other than the quantum dots.
10. A method in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the emissive layer is formed by phase separation of the quantum dots capable of emitting blue light upon excitation from the small molecule material included in the first layer.
11. A method in accordance with claim 2 , wherein the heat treating comprises annealing in the absence of air at a temperature of at least about 80° C. for a period of time of at least 5 minutes.
12. A light emitting device comprising:
an electron-injection layer comprising zinc oxide disposed in direct contact with a cathode comprising an indium tin oxide;
a first layer disposed directly adjacent the electron-injection layer, the first layer comprising a small molecule hole blocking material with a bandgap of at least about 3 eV;
an emissive layer comprising quantum dots that emit blue light upon excitation and are disposed directly on a surface of the first layer and opposite the electron-injection layer;
a second layer comprising a material that transports holes and blocks electrons with a bandgap of at least about 3 eV disposed directly adjacent a surface of the emissive layer opposite the first layer; and
an anode disposed over the second layer.
13. A light emitting device in accordance with claim 12 , wherein the light emitting device further comprises a third layer comprising a hole transport material disposed over the second layer before inclusion of the anode.
14. A light emitting device in accordance with claim 12 , wherein the light emitting device further comprises a hole injection layer disposed over an uppermost layer prior to including the anode.
15. A light emitting device in accordance with claim 12 , wherein the first layer inhibits emission from device materials other than the quantum dots.
16. A light emitting device in accordance with claim 12 , wherein the first layer has a thickness greater than 25 nm and less than or equal to 45 nm.
17. A light emitting device in accordance with claim 12 , wherein the quantum dots emit blue light having a full width at half maximum not greater than about 30 nm upon excitation.
18. A light emitting device in accordance with claim 12 , wherein CIE x and y coordinates of blue light emitted from the quantum dots are less than about 0.15 and less than about 0.1, respectively.
19. A light emitting device in accordance with claim 12 , wherein the emissive layer is annealed prior to inclusion of another layer thereover.
20. A light emitting device in accordance with claim 12 , wherein the small molecule hole blocking material comprises OXD7, TPPi, or BPhen.
21. A light emitting device in accordance with claim 12 , wherein the light emitting device shows substantially no side emission.
22. A light emitting device in accordance with claim 12 , wherein the cathode essentially consists of indium tin oxide.
23. A light emitting device in accordance with claim 12 , wherein the electron-injection layer has a thickness of greater than or equal to about 10 nm and less than or equal to about 500 nm.