Multistage and multiple-output DC-DC converters having coupled inductors
A multiple-output DC-DC converter has a first and a second DC-DC sub-converter, each DC-DC subconverter may be a buck, boost, or buck-boost converter having a primary energy-storage inductor. Each DC-DC subconverter drives a separate output of the multiple-output converter and typically has a separate feedback control circuit for controlling output voltage and/or current. The converter has a common timing circuit to maintain a phase offset between the first and DC-DC subconverters. The primary energy storage inductors of the first and second DC-DC converter are magnetically coupled to raise an effective ripple frequency of the converter and simplify output filtering.
1. A method of reducing ripple at an output of a multiple-output direct-current to direct-current (DC-DC) converter, comprising:
controlling one or more switches of a first DC-DC subconverter to provide power from the first DC-DC subconverter to a first output of the multiple-output DC-DC converter;
controlling one or more switches of a second DC-DC subconverter to provide power from the second DC-DC subconverter to a second output of the multiple-output DC-DC converter while maintaining a phase offset between the first and second DC-DC subconverters, the one or more switches of the second DC-DC subconverter being separate from the one or more switches of the first DC-DC subconverter, the second output being separate from the first output, a primary energy storage inductor of the second DC-DC subconverter being magnetically coupled with a primary energy storage inductor of the first DC-DC subconverter;
monitoring an output current of the first output and an output current of the second output to determine load conditions of the first and second outputs, respectively;
in response to each of the first and second outputs being in a light load condition, operating the first DC-DC subconverter in a discontinuous conduction operating mode and operating the second DC-DC subconverter in a discontinuous conduction operating mode; and
in response to the first output changing from a light load condition to a high load condition, changing an operating mode of the second DC-DC subconverter from a discontinuous conduction operating mode to a continuous conduction operating mode.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising operating both of the first and second DC-DC subconverters in respective continuous conduction operating modes when the first output is in a light load condition and the second output is in a high load condition.
3. The method of claim 1 , further comprising operating both of the first and second DC-DC subconverters in respective continuous conduction operating modes when both the first output and the second output are in high load conditions.
4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising capacitively coupling the first output to the second output.
5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising applying power to the primary energy storage inductor of the first DC-DC subconverter at different times than when applying power to the primary energy storage inductor of the second DC-DC subconverter, the primary energy storage inductor of the first DC-DC subconverter being separate from the primary energy storage inductor of the second DC-DC subconverter.
6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising powering the second DC-DC sub converter from the first output.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein each of the first DC-DC subconverter and the second DC-DC subconverter is selected from the group consisting of a buck converter, a boost converter, and a buck-boost converter.
8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising controlling one or more additional DC-DC subconverters to provide power to one or more additional outputs of the multiple-output DC-DC converter, respectively.