High octane unleaded aviation gasoline
View Patent ↗High octane unleaded aviation fuel compositions having high aromatics content and a CHN content of at least 98 wt %, less than 2 wt % of oxygen content, an adjusted heat of combustion of at least 43.5 MJ/kg, a vapor pressure in the range of 38 to 49 kPa, freezing point is less than −58° C. is provided.
1. An unleaded aviation fuel composition having a MON of at least 99.6, sulfur content of less than 0.05 wt %, CHN content of at least 98 wt %, less than 2 wt % of oxygen content, an adjusted heat of combustion of at least 43.5 MJ/kg, a vapor pressure in the range of 38 to 49 kPa, freezing point is less than −58° C. comprising a blend comprising:
from about 35 vol. % to about 55 vol. % of toluene having a MON of at least 107;
from about 4 vol. % to about 10 vol. % of aromatic amine component, wherein said aromatic amine component contains at least about 2 vol. % based on the fuel composition of toluidine;
from about 15 vol. % to about 40 vol. % of at least one alkylate or alkylate blend having an initial boiling range of from about 32° C. to about 60° C. and a final boiling range of from about 105° C. to about 140° C., having T40 of less than 99° C., T50 of less than 100° C., T90 of less than 110° C., the alkylate or alkylate blend comprising isoparaffins from 4 to 9 carbon atoms, about 3-20 vol. % of C5 isoparaffins, about 2-15 vol. % of C7 isoparaffins, and about 60-90 vol. % of C8 isoparaffins, based on the alkylate or alkylate blend, and less than 1 vol. % of C10+, based on the alkylate or alkylate blend; and
at least 14 vol. % of isopentane in an amount sufficient to reach a vapor pressure in the range of 38 to 49 kPa;
wherein the combined amount of toluene and aromatic amine component in the fuel composition is at least 40 vol. %; and
wherein the fuel composition contains less than 1 vol. % of C8 aromatics.
2. The unleaded aviation fuel composition of claim 1 wherein the final boiling point is less than 210° C.
3. The unleaded aviation fuel composition of claim 1 having T10 of at most 75° C., T40 of at least 75° C., a T50 of at most 105° C., a T90 of at most 135° C., a final boiling point of less than 210° C.
4. The unleaded aviation fuel composition of claim 1 further comprising from about 0.1 vol. % to about 10 vol. % of an alcohol having 4 to 8 carbon atoms.
5. The unleaded aviation fuel composition of claim 1 wherein the total isopentane content in the blend is 14% to 26 vol. %.
6. The unleaded aviation fuel composition of claim 1 having a potential gum of less than 6 mg/100 mL.
7. The unleaded aviation fuel composition of claim 1 wherein less than 0.2 vol. % of ethers are present.
8. The unleaded aviation fuel composition of claim 4 further comprising an aviation fuel additive.
9. The unleaded aviation fuel composition of claim 2 wherein the total isopentane content in the blend is 14% to 26 vol. %.
10. The unleaded aviation fuel composition of claim 1 wherein no noncyclic ether are present.
11. The unleaded aviation fuel composition of claim 1 wherein the final boiling point is at most 200° C.
12. The unleaded aviation fuel composition of claim 1 wherein the alkylate or alkylate blend have a C10+ content of less than 0.1 vol. % based on the alkylate or alkylate blend.
13. The unleaded aviation fuel composition of claim 1 wherein the aromatic amine component comprises toluidine and aniline.
14. The unleaded aviation fuel composition of claim 2 wherein the aromatic amine component comprise toluidine and aniline.
15. The unleaded aviation fuel composition of claim 1 having water reaction within +/−2 mL as defined in ASTM D1094.
16. The unleaded aviation fuel composition of claim 1 further comprising an alcohol having 4 to 8 carbon atoms having a boiling point in the range of 80° C. to 140° C.
17. The unleaded aviation fuel composition of claim 16 wherein the alcohol comprises an alcohol having 4 carbon atoms.
18. The unleaded aviation fuel composition of claim 16 wherein the alcohol comprises an alcohol having 8 carbon atoms.