Filtration medium comprising a carbon oxychalcogenide
View Patent ↗Described herein is a filtration medium comprising a carbon substrate having a surface of CO x E y , wherein E is selected from at least one of S, Se, and Te; and wherein x is no more than 0.1 and y is 0.005 to 0.3; a filtration device comprising the filtration medium; and methods of removing chloramines from aqueous solutions.
1. A filtration device comprising a fluid conduit fluidly connecting a fluid inlet to a fluid outlet; and a filter medium disposed in the fluid conduit; the filter medium comprising a carbon substrate having a surface of CO x E y , wherein E is selected from at least one of S, Se, and Te; and wherein x is no more than 0.1, and y is 0.005 to 0.3.
2. The filtration device of claim 1 , wherein x is 0.01 to 0.1.
3. The filtration device of claim 1 , wherein E is sulfur and the sulfur is chemically combined with carbon.
4. The filtration device of claim 1 , wherein the filter medium comprises the carbon substrate having a surface of CO x E y and a binder.
5. The filtration device of claim 1 , wherein the filter medium comprises the carbon substrate having a surface of CO x E y and a web.
6. The filtration device of claim 1 , wherein the carbon substrate comprises less than 0.90, mass % nitrogen based on the total mass of the carbon substrate.
7. The filtration device of claim 1 , wherein the carbon substrate comprises greater than 2.0 mass % sulfur based on the total mass of the carbon substrate.
8. The filtration device of claim 1 , wherein the filtration device is a water filtration device.
9. A method for removing chloramine from aqueous solutions comprising: providing an aqueous solution comprising chloramine and contacting the aqueous solution with a composition comprising a carbon substrate having a surface of CO x E y , wherein E is selected from at least one of S, Se, and Te; and wherein x is no more than 0.1, and y is 0.005 to 0.3.
10. The method for removing chloramine from aqueous solutions of claim 9 , wherein x is 0.01 to 0.1.
11. A method of making a chalcogen-containing carbon substrate, the method comprising:
contacting a porous carbon substrate with a solid chalcogen-containing compound; and
heating to a temperature between 300 to 1200° C. to form the chalcogen-containing carbon substrate.
12. The method of claim 11 wherein the solid calcogen-containing compound is selected from the group consisting of: elemental sulfur, elemental selenium, SeO 2 and SeS 2 , elemental tellurium, TeO 2 , (HO) 6 Te, and combinations thereof.
13. The method of claim 9 , wherein E is sulfur and the sulfur is chemically combined with carbon.
14. The method of claim 9 , wherein the porous carbon substrate is a microporous, mesoporous, macroporous carbon, or combination thereof.
15. The filtration device of claim 1 , wherein the porous carbon substrate comprises less than 0.90 mass % nitrogen based on the total mass of the carbon substrate.
16. The filtration device of claim 1 , wherein the porous carbon substrate comprises greater than 2.0 mass % sulfur based on the total mass of the carbon substrate.
17. The method of claim 9 , wherein the porous carbon substrate comprises less than 0.90 mass % nitrogen based on the total mass of the porous carbon substrate.
18. The method of claim 9 , wherein the porous carbon substrate comprises greater than 2.0 mass % sulfur based on the total mass of the porous carbon substrate.
19. The method of claim 11 wherein the porous carbon substrate and solid chalogen-containing compound are heated in the presence of oxygen, wherein the form of oxygen is selected from the group consisting of: diatomic oxygen, sulfur dioxide, water, carbon dioxide, or combinations thereof.
20. The method of claim 11 wherein the porous carbon substrate and solid chalogen-containing compound are heated in the absence of oxygen.
21. The method of claim 11 , wherein the solid chalcogen-containing compound comprises sulfur and the chalcogen-containing carbon substrate comprise a sulfur content in the range of 5-15 weight % of the porous carbon substrate on a sulfur-basis.
22. The method of claim 11 comprising:
mixing the porous carbon substrate and the solid chalcogen-containing compound in a first-container and heating to above a melting point of the solid chalcogen-containing compound to melt the solid calcogen-containing compound on the porous carbon substrate to form a first mixture;
cooling the first mixture and transferring the first mixture to a reaction vessel that has been purged by an inert gas; and
heating the reaction vessel to a contact temperature in the range of 400 to 800° C., thereby vaporizing the solid chalogen-containing compound.
23. The method of claim 11 , comprising:
mixing the porous carbon substrate and the solid chalcogen-containing compound in a reaction vessel;
outgassing the reaction vessel; and
heating the reaction vessel to a contact temperature in the range of 400 to 800° C., thereby vaporizing the solid chalcogen-containing compound.
24. The method of claim 23 , wherein the porous carbon substrate has not been treated by contact with a melted and cooled solid chalogen-containing compound.
25. The method of claim 11 , wherein the porous carbon substrate is a carbon particulate.
26. The method of claim 11 , wherein the sulfur comprises elemental sulfur.