Cooled reactor for the production of dimethyl ether from methanol
A cooled reactor for the production of dimethyl ether by catalytic dehydration of methanol in the gas phase, the reactor having an adiabatic catalyst bed as starting zone, a moderator zone cooled by direct or indirect heat exchange, and optionally an adiabatic catalyst bed as conditioning zone. The conversion of methanol to dimethyl ether is increased and the formation of undesired by-products is decreased.
1. A reactor, comprising:
a starting zone;
an adiabatic region;
a cooled region;
a fixed bed zone; and
a moderator zone,
wherein the reactor is configured to produce dimethyl ether (DME) by heterogeneously catalyzed dehydration of a gaseous feed stream comprising methanol,
wherein the dehydration occurs over a solid catalyst suitable to dehydrate methanol to DME under dehydration conditions,
wherein the reactor is configured such that a temperature of the gaseous feed stream approaches a desired reactor outlet temperature asymptotically,
(a) wherein the reactor is configured such that, in the starting zone, after entry into the reactor, the gaseous feed stream initially flows through the adiabatic region, comprising the catalyst, and a first part of the methanol exothermally reacts to provide DME under methanol dehydration conditions,
wherein, in the starting zone, a feed stream temperature is increased with respect to a reactor inlet temperature, and the feed stream temperature does not exceed a target maximum temperature,
(b) wherein the reactor is configured such that, in the moderator zone, the gaseous feed stream subsequently passes through at least one cooled region,
wherein, in the moderator zone, reaction heat released is at least partly dissipated and a feed stream temperature increase is at least reduced, and
(c) wherein the reactor is optionally configured such that, in a conditioning zone, before the gaseous feed stream exits the reactor, the gaseous feed stream flows through a last adiabatic region, comprising the catalyst, and a second part of the methanol comprised in the feed stream exothermally reacts to provide DME under methanol dehydration conditions, and the feed stream temperature is increased to a reactor outlet temperature.
2. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein the moderator zone comprises
a region comprising the catalyst, and
a unit configured to cool the feed stream by indirect heat exchange.
3. The reactor of claim 2 , wherein the indirect heat exchange is effected by a heat-transfer medium guided in flow to the feed stream.
4. The reactor of claim 3 , wherein the heat-transfer medium comprises unreacted feed stream comprising methanol before the unreacted feed stream is supplied to the reactor.
5. The reactor of claim 1 , comprising:
the conditioning zone.
6. The reactor of claim 1 , arranged as a series, optionally repeated, including:
the starting zone including the adiabatic region;
the conditioning zone including a further adiabatic region; and
the moderator zone including the cooled region between each two respective adjacent adiabatic regions,
wherein each moderator zone comprises a unit configured to cool the feed stream by direct heat exchange.
7. The reactor of claim 6 , wherein the direct heat exchange is effected by introducing a gaseous, liquid, or gaseous and liquid cooling medium.
8. The reactor of claim 7 , wherein the cooling medium comprises methanol.
9. The reactor of claim 6 , comprising at least three adiabatic regions and at least two cooled regions,
wherein one of the at least two cooled regions is arranged between each two respective adjacent adiabatic regions.
10. A process for producing dimethyl ether (DME), the process comprising:
(a) dehydrating, by heterogeneous catalysis, a gaseous feed stream comprising methanol over a solid catalyst suitable to dehydrate methanol to DME, under methanol dehydration conditions in the reactor of claim 1 , to obtain a product stream comprising DME;
(b) recovering DME from the product stream.
11. The reactor of claim 5 , further comprising, after the conditioning zone:
an additional adiabatic region comprising the catalyst, an additional cooled region, or two or more of any of these, through which the feed stream passes.
12. The reactor of claim 1 , configured such that, in the moderator zone, the feed stream temperature increase is reversed.
13. The reactor of claim 2 , wherein the indirect heat exchange is effected by a heat-transfer medium guided in countercurrent flow to the feed stream.
14. The reactor of claim 4 , wherein the unreacted feed stream comprises liquid methanol.
15. The reactor of claim 4 , wherein the unreacted feed stream comprises gaseous methanol.
16. The reactor of claim 14 , wherein the unreacted feed stream comprises gaseous methanol.
17. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein the moderator zone includes a tubular reactor region.
18. The reactor of claim 1 , configured such that the temperature of the gaseous feed stream in the conditioning zone approaches the desired reactor outlet temperature asymptotically.
19. The reactor of claim 9 , wherein each cooled zone is in contact with a tubular moderator zone.
20. The reactor of claim 1 , wherein the conditioning zone is present and comprises at least 50 vol. % of the catalyst.