Ion-conducting membrane
An ion-conducting membrane including a first layer and a second layer, wherein the first layer includes a perfluorosulphonic acid polymer and the second layer includes a sulphonated hydrocarbon polymer, characterised in that the ion-conducting membrane has a total thickness of from 5 μm to 50 μm and the second layer has a total thickness of 2 μm or less is disclosed.
1. An ion-conducting membrane comprising a first layer and a second layer, wherein
the first layer consists of a perfluorosulphonic acid polymer as an ion-conducting polymer and optionally a reinforcing material,
the second layer comprises a sulphonated hydrocarbon polymer as an ion-conducting polymer and includes a catalyst that consists of a hydrogen peroxide decomposition catalyst, a radical scavenger, or both a hydrogen peroxide decomposition catalyst and a radical scavenger, or no catalyst,
the first layer and the second layer comprise different ion-conducting polymer compositions,
the ion-conducting membrane has a total thickness of from 5 μm to 50 μm,
and
the second layer has a total thickness of 0.5 μm or less.
2. The ion-conducting membrane according to claim 1 , which further comprises a third layer comprising a sulphonated hydrocarbon polymer, wherein the first layer is sandwiched between the second and third layers.
3. The ion-conducting membrane according to claim 2 , wherein the third layer has a total thickness of 2 μm or less.
4. The ion-conducting membrane according to claim 1 , wherein the second layer comprises a mixture of sulphonated hydrocarbon polymer and perfluorosulphonic acid polymer.
5. The ion-conducting membrane according to claim 2 , wherein the third layer comprises a mixture of sulphonated hydrocarbon polymer and perfluorosulphonic acid polymer.
6. A catalyst-coated membrane comprising an ion-conducting membrane according to claim 1 and an electrocatalyst layer deposited on at least one side of the membrane.
7. A membrane electrode assembly comprising an ion-conducting membrane according to claim 1 .
8. A membrane electrode assembly comprising a catalyst-coated membrane according to claim 6 .
9. The ion-conducting membrane according to claim 3 , wherein the third layer has a thickness of less than 1 μm.
10. The ion-conducting membrane according to claim 1 , wherein the ion-conducting membrane is without a reinforcement material.
11. The ion-conducting membrane according to claim 1 , further comprising at least one reinforcement material.
12. The ion-conducting membrane according to claim 11 , wherein the at least one reinforcement material extends across an interface between the first layer and the second layer.
13. The ion-conducting membrane according to claim 11 , wherein the at least one reinforcement material extends across an interface between the first layer and the second layer and across an interface between the first layer and the third layer.
14. An ion-conducting membrane comprising:
a first layer consisting of a perfluorosulphonic acid polymer as an ion-conducting polymer and optionally a reinforcing material;
a second layer comprising a blend of a sulphonated hydrocarbon polymer and a perfluorosulphonic acid polymer as an ion-conducting polymer, the second layer having a thickness of 0.5 μm or less and including a catalyst that consists of a hydrogen peroxide decomposition catalyst, a radical scavenger, or both a hydrogen peroxide decomposition catalyst and a radical scavenger, or no catalyst;
a third layer comprising a blend of a sulphonated hydrocarbon polymer and a perfluorosulphonic acid polymer as an ion-conducting polymer, the third layer having a thickness of 2 μm or less and including a catalyst that consists of a hydrogen peroxide decomposition catalyst, a radical scavenger, or both a hydrogen peroxide decomposition catalyst and a radical scavenger, or no catalyst;
wherein the first layer is sandwiched between the second and third layers, and
wherein the first layer and the second layer comprise different ion-conducting polymer compositions, the first layer and third layer comprises different ion-conduction polymer compositions, and the ion-conducting membrane has a total thickness of from 5 μm to 50 μm.
15. The ion-conducting membrane according to claim 14 , wherein the blend of sulphonated hydrocarbon polymer and perfluorosulphonic acid polymer of the second layer is graded across the second layer such that there is enrichment of the perfluorosulphonic acid polymer at an interface of the first layer and second layer and/or there is enrichment of the perfluorosulphonic acid polymer at an outer surface of the ion-conducting membrane.
16. The ion-conducting membrane according to claim 15 , wherein the blend of sulphonated hydrocarbon polymer and perfluorosulphonic acid polymer of the third layer is graded across the third layer such that there is enrichment of the perfluorosulphonic acid polymer at an interface of the first layer and second layer and/or there is enrichment of the perfluorosulphonic acid polymer at an outer surface of the ion-conducting membrane.
17. The ion-conducting membrane according to claim 14 , wherein the blend of sulphonated hydrocarbon polymer and perfluorosulphonic acid polymer of the third layer is graded across the third layer such that there is enrichment of the perfluorosulphonic acid polymer at an interface of the first layer and third layer and/or there is enrichment of the perfluorosulphonic acid polymer at an outer surface of the ion-conducting membrane.
18. A catalyst-coated membrane comprising an ion-conducting membrane according to claim 16 and an electrocatalyst layer deposited on at least one side of the membrane.
19. A membrane electrode assembly comprising an ion-conducting membrane according to claim 17 .
20. A membrane electrode assembly comprising a catalyst-coated membrane according to claim 17 .