Structure directed vapour phase polymerisation of conductive polymers
The invention provides a process for producing a conductive polymer, the process comprising: providing a substrate having an oxidant layer on a surface thereof, the oxidant layer containing an oxidant, a solvent or blend of solvents, and a relatively high molecular weight non-ionic surfactant; exposing the surface containing the oxidant layer to a vapor containing an aryl or heteroaryl monomer that is polymerizable to form a conductive polymer without exposing the oxidant layer to an external source of water vapor; and polymerizing the aryl or heteroaryl monomer to form a polyaryl or polyheteroaryl conductive polymer on the surface of the substrate.
1. A process for producing a conductive polymer, the process comprising: providing a substrate having an oxidant layer on a surface thereof, the oxidant layer containing an oxidant, a solvent or blend of solvents, and a high molecular weight non-ionic surfactant; wherein the oxidant layer containing an oxidant comprises a hydrated metal ion and the high molecular weight non-ionic surfactant is capable of binding to the metal ion of the oxidant to release bound water from the oxidant and is an ABA or a BAB type triblock copolymer wherein the A block comprises a polymer composed of hydrophilic units and the B block comprises a polymer composed of hydrophobic units; exposing the surface containing the oxidant layer to a vapour containing an aryl or heteroaryl monomer that is polymerisable to form a conductive polymer without exposing the oxidant layer to an external source of water vapour; and polymerising the aryl or heteroaryl monomer to form a polyaryl or polyheteroaryl conductive polymer on the surface of the substrate.
2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the oxidant layer further comprises a low molecular weight non-ionic or ionic hydrotrope.
3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the molecular weight of the high molecular weight non-ionic surfactant is equal to or greater than about 1000.
4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the high molecular weight non-ionic surfactant is a triblock copolymer wherein the A block comprises a polymer composed of ethylene glycol units and the B block comprises a polymer composed of alkylene glycol units having 3 to 10 carbon atoms in the alkylene moiety of each unit.
5. The process according to claim 4 , wherein the triblock copolymer is selected from the group consisting of: a poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(propylene glycol)-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-PPG-PEG) triblock polymer and a poly(propylene glycol)-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(propylene glycol) (PPG-PEG-PPG) triblock polymer.
6. The process according to claim 2 , wherein the low molecular weight non-ionic or ionic hydrotrope has a molecular weight of equal to or less than about 200.
7. The process according to claim 2 , wherein the low molecular weight non-ionic or ionic hydrotrope is an alkylene glycol.
8. The process according to claim 7 , wherein the low molecular weight non-ionic or ionic hydrotrope is selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, and triethylene glycol.