Controlling Bacterial Biofilms in Ethanol Production
A high yield method for fermenting carbohydrate to ethanol and prevention and/or disruption of biofilms, comprising: a) mixing a fermentation feedstock with a fermentation broth containing yeast and/or an enzyme, b) treating said mixture by adding a composition to the fermentor containing: 10-90 wt. % of an aldehyde selected from the group consisting of formaldehyde, para-formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, another antimicrobial aldehyde, and mixtures thereof, 1-50 wt. % of a surfactant having an HLB from 4 to 18, 0-20 wt. % of an antimicrobial terpene, or essential oils, 1-50 wt. % of organic acids selected from Ci to C24 fatty acids, their salts, glycerides and esters thereof, and 1-50 wt. % water; wherein the concentration of aldehyde in the fermentor is from about 0.25 to 3 kg/MT of fermentation feedstock, and c) isolating ethanol.
1 . A high yield method of fermenting carbohydrate to ethanol in a fermentor, comprising:
a) mixing a fermentation feedstock with a fermentation broth containing yeast and/or an enzyme,
b) treating said mixture by adding a composition to the fermentor containing:
10-90 wt. % of an aldehyde selected from the group consisting of formaldehyde, para-formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, another antimicrobial aldehyde, and mixtures thereof,
1-50 wt. % of a surfactant having an HLB from 4 to 18,
0-20 wt. % of an antimicrobial terpene, or essential oils,
1-50 wt. % of organic acids selected from C 1 to C 24 fatty acids, their salts, glycerides and esters thereof, and
1-50 wt. % water;
wherein the concentration of aldehyde in the fermentor is from about 0.25 to 3 kg/MT of fermentation feedstock, and
c) isolating ethanol.
2 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the fermentation feedstock is corn, sorghum, wheat, triticale, rye, barley, rice or tubers.
3 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the fermentation feedstock is sugar cane or sugar beet.
4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the carbohydrate to be fermented is derived from cellulose.
5 . The method claim 1 , wherein development of antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria is inhibited.
6 . A fermentation broth or slurry, comprising:
a) carbohydrate feedstock to be fermented, yeast, and/or an enzyme, and
b) a treatment composition containing:
10-90 wt. % of an aldehyde selected from the group consisting of formaldehyde, para-formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, another antimicrobial aldehyde and mixtures thereof,
1-50 wt. % of a surfactant having an HLB from 4 to 18,
1-20 wt. % of an antimicrobial terpene, or essential oils,
1-50 wt. % of organic acids selected from C 1 to C 24 fatty acids, their salts, glycerides and esters thereof, and
1-50 wt. % water;
wherein the concentration of aldehyde is from about 0.25 to 3 kg/MT of fermentation feedstock.
7 . The fermentation broth of claim 6 , wherein the carbohydrate feedstock is corn, sorghum, wheat, triticale, rye, barley, rice or tubers, and the aldehyde is formaldehyde with a concentration of 0.25 to 3.0 kg/MT.
8 . The fermentation broth of claim 6 , wherein the carbohydrate feedstock is sugar cane or sugar beet.
9 . The fermentation broth of claim 6 , wherein the carbohydrate feedstock is derived from cellulose.
10 . The fermentation broth of claim 6 , wherein development of antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria is inhibited.
11 . An improved method of fermenting carbohydrate to ethanol in a fermentor, comprising:
a) mixing a fermentation feedstock with a fermentation broth containing yeast and/or an enzyme,
b) treating said mixture by adding a composition to the fermentor containing:
10-90 wt. % of an aldehyde selected from the group consisting of formaldehyde, para-formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, another antimicrobial aldehyde, and mixtures thereof,
1-50 wt. % of a surfactant having an HLB from 4 to 18,
0-20 wt. % of an antimicrobial terpene, or essential oils,
1-50 wt. % of organic acids selected from C 1 to C 24 fatty acids, their salts, glycerides and esters thereof, and
1-50 wt. % water;
wherein the concentration of aldehyde in the fermentor is from about 0.25 to 3 kg/MT of fermentation feedstock, and
c) isolating ethanol,
d) collecting material remaining after fermentation and adding it to animal feed.
12 . The method of claim 11 , wherein the organic acid is formic, acetic, propionic, or butyric.
13 . The method of claim 11 , comprising an antibiotic to control bacteria in an amount less than its MIC in fermentations without composition b).
14 . The method of claim 11 , which is free of antibiotic used to control bacteria in fermentation.
15 . The method of claim 11 , wherein bacteria comprise Lactobacillus spp. E. coli, Salmonella spp., Clostridium spp., Campylobacter spp., Shigella spp., Brachyspira spp., Listeria spp., Arcobacter spp, Pediococcus, Staphylococcus, Enterococcus, Acetobacter, Gluconobacter, A. pasterurianus, B. Subtilis, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Weissella paramesenteroides and bacteria able to produce biofilms in solid surfaces.
16 . The method of claim 11 , which is free of virginiamycin or sulfuric acid.
17 . The method of claim 11 , wherein the carbohydrate feedstock is corn, sorghum, wheat, triticale, rye, barley, rice or tubers, and the aldehyde is formaldehyde with a concentration of 0.25 to 3.0 kg/MT.
18 . The method of claim 11 , wherein the carbohydrate feedstock is sugar cane or sugar beet.
19 . The method of claim 11 , wherein the carbohydrate feedstock is derived from cellulose.
20 . The method of claim 11 , wherein development of antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria is inhibited.