Method and apparatus for operating a linear lambda probe

1. A method for operating a linear lambda probe arranged in an exhaust section of an internal combustion engine, the linear lambda probe comprising a first electrode exposed to an exhaust gas side, a second electrode and a third electrode arranged adjacent to a measurement chamber, and a fourth electrode arranged adjacent to a reference air volume, wherein solid electrolytes are respectively situated between the first and second electrodes and between the third and fourth electrodes and a diffusion barrier is formed between a free volume of the measurement chamber and the exhaust section, wherein a potential difference between the first and second electrodes forms a pump voltage signal and a potential difference between the fourth and third electrodes forms a Nernst voltage signal, the method comprising:

determining a measurement signal of the linear lambda probe based on a pump current applied between the first and second electrodes, the measurement signal representing an air/fuel ratio of gas flowing in the exhaust section, prior to combustion of said gas,

generating a difference signal based on a difference between the pump voltage signal and the Nernst voltage signal,

determining a setpoint value of the air/fuel ratio based on a raw setpoint value of the air/fuel ratio and a forced excitation signal,

determining whether the raw setpoint value of the air/fuel ratio is approximately stoichiometrically predefined, and

in response to determining that the raw setpoint value of the air/fuel ratio is approximately stoichiometrically predefined, determining an offset error of the measurement signal based on the difference signal.

2. The method of claim 1 , comprising determining an offset of the measurement signal based on a fluctuation characteristic value of the difference signal.

3. The method of claim 2 , comprising:

performing a check to determine whether the fluctuation characteristic value exceeds a first threshold value, and

in response to determining that the fluctuation characteristic value does not exceed the first threshold value, determining the offset error or offset based on the difference signal.

4. The method of claim 1 , comprising:

performing a check to determine whether the difference signal correlates with the setpoint value of the air/fuel ratio, and

in response to identifying no predefined correlation, determining the offset error or an offset of the measurement signal based on the difference signal.

5. A method for operating a linear lambda probe arranged in an exhaust section of an internal combustion engine, the linear lambda probe comprising a first electrode expose to an exhaust gas side, a second electrode and a third electrode arranged adjacent to a measurement chamber, and a fourth electrode arranged adjacent to a reference air volume, wherein solid electrolytes are respectively situated between the first and second electrodes and between the third and fourth electrodes and a diffusion barrier is formed between a free volume of the measurement chamber and the exhaust section, wherein a potential difference between the first and second electrodes forms a pump voltage signal and a potential difference between the fourth and third electrodes forms a Nernst voltage signal, the method comprising:

determining a measurement signal of the linear lambda probe based on a pump current applied between the first and second electrodes, the measurement signal representing an air/fuel ratio of gas flowing in the exhaust section, prior to combustion of said gas,

determining a corrected measurement signal based on the measurement signal and an offset correction value,

generating a difference signal based on a difference between the pump voltage signal and the Nernst voltage signal,

determining a setpoint value of the air/fuel ratio based on a raw setpoint value of the air/fuel ratio and a forced excitation signal,

determining whether the raw setpoint value of the air/fuel ratio is stoichiometrically predefined,

in response to determining that the raw setpoint value of the air/fuel ratio is approximately stoichiometrically predefined, determining an offset of the corrected measurement signal based on the difference signal, and

adjusting the offset correction value based on the determined offset.

6. The method of claim 5 , comprising determining the offset of the measurement signal based on a fluctuation characteristic value of the difference signal.

7. The method of claim 6 , comprising:

performing a check to determine whether the fluctuation characteristic value exceeds a first threshold value, and

in response to determining that the fluctuation characteristic value does not exceed the first threshold value, determining the offset based on the difference signal.

8. The method of claim 5 , comprising:

performing a check to determine whether the difference signal correlates with the setpoint value of the air/fuel ratio, and

in response to identifying no predefined correlation, determining an offset of the measurement signal based on the difference signal.

9. An apparatus for operating a linear lambda probe arranged in an exhaust section of an internal combustion engine, the linear lambda probe comprising a first electrode expose to an exhaust gas side, a second electrode and a third electrode arranged adjacent to a measurement chamber, and a fourth electrode arranged adjacent to a reference air volume, wherein solid electrolytes are respectively situated between the first and second electrodes and between the third and fourth electrodes and a diffusion barrier is formed between a free volume of the measurement chamber and the exhaust section, wherein a potential difference between the first and second electrodes forms a pump voltage signal and a potential difference between the fourth and third electrodes forms a Nernst voltage signal, the apparatus comprising:

a processor, and

computer instructions stored in non-transitory computer-readable media and executable by the processor to:

determine a measurement signal of the linear lambda probe based on a pump current applied between the first and second electrodes, the measurement signal representing an air/fuel ratio of gas flowing in the exhaust section, prior to combustion of said gas,

generate a difference signal based on a difference between the pump voltage signal and the Nernst voltage signal,

determine a setpoint value of the air/fuel ratio based on a raw setpoint value of the air/fuel ratio and a forced excitation signal,

determine whether the raw setpoint value of the air/fuel ratio is approximately stoichiometrically predefined, and

in response to determining that the raw setpoint value of the air/fuel ratio is approximately stoichiometrically predefined, determine an offset error of the measurement signal based on the difference signal.

10. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the computer instructions are configured to determine an offset of the measurement signal based on a fluctuation characteristic value of the difference signal.

11. The apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the computer instructions are configured to:

perform a check to determine whether the fluctuation characteristic value exceeds a first threshold value, and

in response to determining that the fluctuation characteristic value does not exceed the first threshold value, determine the offset error or offset based on the difference signal.

12. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the computer instructions are configured to:

perform a check to determine whether the difference signal correlates with the setpoint value of the air/fuel ratio, and

in response to identifying no predefined correlation, determine an offset of the measurement signal error or the offset based on the difference signal.