Determining the opening behavior of a fuel injector by means of an electrical test excitation without magnetic saturation

1. A method for determining an opening behavior of a fuel injector of an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle, the fuel injector having a coil drive, the method comprising:

applying an electrical test excitation to a coil of the coil drive, said electrical test excitation including a voltage profile with a shorter duration of peak voltage and an equivalent total duration in comparison to an electrical standard excitation applied to the coil during normal operation of the internal combustion engine, such that a fully open position of the fuel injector is reached at a time at which the coil drive is not in magnetic saturation,

measuring a time profile of an electrical variable of the coil,

determining a first time at which the fuel injector reaches the fully open position under the influence of the electrical test excitation, based on the measured time profile of the electrical variable, and

determining a second time at which the fuel injector would reach the fully open position under the influence of the electrical standard excitation, based on the ascertained first time,

wherein both the test excitation and the standard excitation each include a respective boost phase, and

the test excitation differs from the standard excitation at least by a different time duration of the respective boost phases.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the electrical measurement variable is a current that is tapped off at the coil of the coil drive.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second time is determined based on the ascertained first time and a fuel pressure applied to the fuel injector.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the second time is determined based on the ascertained first time using comparison data stored in a database.

5. The method of claim 4 , wherein a specific value for a counterforce is associated with the fuel injector based on at least one of:

(a) the ascertained first time,

(b) the comparison data stored in the database, and

(c) a time duration for a boost phase of the test excitation,

wherein said counterforce counteracts a magnetic force that acts on a moving magnetic armature from a magnetic field of the excited coil when the fuel injector is opened.

6. A method for determining a correlation between a test opening behavior and a standard opening behavior of a fuel injector of an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle, the fuel injector having a coil drive, for, said method comprising:

applying an electrical test excitation to a coil of the coil drive, said electrical test excitation including a voltage profile with a shorter duration of peak voltage and an equivalent total duration in comparison to an electrical standard excitation such that that a fully open position of the fuel injector is reached at a time at which the coil drive is not magnetically saturated,

measuring a time profile of a test throughflow rate of fuel through the fuel injector,

determining a first time at which the fuel injector reaches the fully open position under the influence of the electrical test excitation, based on the measured time profile of the test throughflow rate of fuel,

applying an electrical standard excitation to the coil of the coil drive, said electrical standard excitation being sufficiently strong that the fully open position of the fuel injector is reached with magnetic saturation of the coil drive,

measuring a time profile of a standard throughflow rate of fuel through the fuel injector,

determining a second time at which the fuel injector reaches the fully open position under the influence of the electrical standard excitation, based on the measured time profile of the standard throughflow rate of fuel, and

determining a correlation between the test opening behavior and the standard opening behavior, wherein the determined first time is compared with the ascertained second time,

wherein both the test excitation and the standard excitation each include a respective boost phase, and

the test excitation differs from the standard excitation at least by a different time duration of the respective boost phases.

7. A method for driving a fuel injector of an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle, the fuel injector having a coil drive, said method comprising:

determining an opening behavior over time of the fuel injector by performing a method comprising:

applying an electrical test excitation to a coil of the coil drive, said electrical test excitation including a voltage profile with a shorter duration of peak voltage and an equivalent total duration in comparison to an electrical standard excitation such that than an electrical standard excitation applied to the coil during normal operation of the internal combustion engine, such that a fully open position of the fuel injector is reached at a time at which the coil drive is not in magnetic saturation,

measuring a time profile of an electrical variable of the coil,

determining a first time at which the fuel injector reaches the fully open position under the influence of the electrical test excitation, based on the measured time profile of the electrical variable, and

determining a second time at which the fuel injector would reach the fully open position under the influence of the electrical standard excitation, based on the ascertained first time; and

adapting the electrical driving for the electrical standard excitation of the fuel injector based on the determined opening behavior over time, such that a predetermined quantity of fuel is injected with an injection process,

wherein both the test excitation and the standard excitation each include a respective boost phase, and

the test excitation differs from the standard excitation at least by a different time duration of the respective boost phases.

8. The method of claim 7 , further comprising applying the electrical standard excitation to the coil of the coil drive, wherein the adapted electrical driving is used.

9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the electrical test excitation is applied to the coil and the electrical standard excitation is applied to the coil within a time period of less than one minute.

10. The method of claim 8 , wherein the electrical test excitation is applied to the coil and the electrical standard excitation is applied to the coil within a time period of less than one second.

11. An apparatus for determining the opening behavior of a fuel injector of an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle, the fuel injector having a coil drive, the apparatus comprising:

an excitation device configured to apply an electrical test excitation to a coil of the coil drive, said electrical test excitation including a voltage profile with a shorter duration of peak voltage and an equivalent total duration in comparison to an electrical standard excitation such that than an electrical standard excitation applied to the coil during normal operation of the internal combustion engine, such that a fully open position of the fuel injector is reached at a time at which the coil drive is not magnetically saturated,

a measuring device configured to measure a time profile of an electrical variable of the coil, and

a data-processing device programmed to:

determine a first time at which the fuel injector reaches the fully open position under the influence of the electrical test excitation, based on the measured time profile of the electrical variable, and

determine a second time at which the fuel injector would reach the fully open position under the influence of the electrical standard excitation, based on the ascertained first time,

wherein both the test excitation and the standard excitation each include a respective boost phase, and

the test excitation differs from the standard excitation at least by a different time duration of the respective boost phases.