Stainless steel and method for manufacturing same
Martensitic mixed phase stainless steel, which has in well balance between excellent strength and formability and excellent fatigue properties, and is inexpensive, and suitable for spring members, has: a chemical composition comprising C: 0.1-0.4%, Si: at most 2.0%, Mn: 0.1-6.0%, Cr: 10.0-28.0%, N: at most 0.17%, the remainder of Fe and impurities, and a metallurgical structure which includes a ferrite phase and a martensitic phase, and also a retained austenite phase of 5 volume % or less if necessary, and which satisfies a relationship of C M /C F ≧5.0 where an average value C F of C content existing in the ferrite phase, and an average value C M of C content existing in the martensite.
1. A stainless steel characterized by having a chemical composition comprising, in mass %, C: 0.1-0.4%, Si: at most 2.0%, Mn: 0.1-6.0%, Cr: 10.0-28.0%, N: at most 0.17%, and a remainder of Fe and impurities, and by having
a metallurgical structure which includes a mixed phase structure of a ferrite phase and a martensitic phase, or of the ferrite phase and the martensitic phase as well as a retained austenite phase of at most 5% in volume %, and satisfies a relationship of C M /C F ≧5.0 where an average C content existing in the ferrite phase is defined as C F , an average C content existing in the martensitic phase is defined as C M .
2. The stainless steel as set forth in claim 1 , wherein an average grain diameter of the mixed phase structure is at most 10 μm.
3. The stainless steel as set forth in claim 1 , wherein the chemical composition further has one or more elements selected from Ni: at most 2%, Cu: at most 2%, Nb: at most 0.5%, V: at most 0.5%, and Ti: at most 0.5%, in mass %.
4. A method for manufacturing stainless steel having the chemical composition as set forth in claim 1 characterized by subjecting the stainless steel to hot and cold working, and subsequent heat treatment at least once respectively; and thereafter to final cold working into a product shape, and subsequent final heat treatment for performance adjustment, and further characterized by
carrying out heat treatment prior to the final cold working by holding the stainless steel under heating in an austenite single phase region for at least ten minutes, and subsequently holding the stainless steel under heating in a ferrite single phase region for at least one minute; and
carrying out the final heat treatment after the final cold working by holding the stainless steel under heating at a temperature in a dual phase region of a ferrite phase and an austenite phase within a range of 800-1000° C. for at least ten seconds, and subsequently cooling the stainless steel at a cooling rate of at least 1° C./second down to at least 600° C.