Controlled LED light output by selective area roughening
The surface of a light emitting device is roughened to enhance the light extraction efficiency of the surface, but the amount of roughened area is selected to achieve a desired level of light extraction efficiency. Photo-lithographic techniques may be used to create a mask that limits the roughening to select areas of the light emitting surface. Because the amount of roughened area can be precisely controlled, the light extraction efficiency can be precisely controlled, substantially independent of the particular process used to roughen the surface. Additionally, the selective roughening of the surface may be used to achieve a desired light emission output pattern.
1. A method comprising:
determining a target light extraction efficiency of a light emitting device;
determining, based on an output function, a proportion of a roughened surface area to a not roughened surface area wherein the light emitting device emits the target light extraction efficiency when configured based on the determined proportion;
applying a surface etch process on a light emitting surface to create the roughened surface area, wherein the roughened surface area relative to the not roughened surface area is based on the determined proportion, and wherein the light emitting surface is a top surface of the light emitting device that is not covered by a contact;
applying an etch-inhibiting pattern on the light emitting surface to create the not roughened surface area, wherein the amount of the not roughened surface area relative to the amount of roughened surface area is based on the determined proportion, and wherein the area that is not roughened surrounds the roughened surface area.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the applying the etch-inhibiting pattern includes applying a mask material.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein applying the mask material includes a photo-lithographic process.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the light emitting device emits light from the roughened surface area at a first light output level and from the area that is not roughened at a second light output level that is less than the first light output level.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the first light output level is approximately twice the second light output level.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the roughened surface area is patterned to provide a distinguishable optical effect.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the output function is linear such that when the proportion of roughened surface area to a not roughened surface area is increased by X, the light extraction efficiency is also increased by X.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the output function is non-linear such that when the proportion of roughened surface area to a not roughened surface area is increased by X, the light extraction efficiency is increased by Y.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the output function comprises variables selected from the group consisting of a roughened surface area, a not roughened surface area, and a target light extraction efficiency.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the roughened surface area comprises a plurality of select areas, and at least one of the select areas is roughened to a degree of roughness that differs from a degree of roughness of another of the select areas.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the roughened surface area is uncovered.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the roughened and not roughened surface areas form a pattern selected from one of a checkerboard and a bulls-eye.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the roughened surface area and the not roughened surface area are part of a pattern of roughened and not roughened surface areas selected from one of concentric circles and concentric ellipses.
14. The method of claim 1 , further comprising creating an additional roughened surface area, wherein the additional roughened surface area surrounds the not roughened surface area.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the roughened surface area is a random, non-periodic roughened surface.
16. A method comprising:
determining a target light extraction efficiency of a light emitting device;
determining that a proportion, X/Y, of a roughened surface area to a not roughened surface area results in the target light extraction efficiency for the light emitting device;
applying a surface etch process on the light emitting surface to create the roughened surface area, wherein the roughened surface area relative to the not roughened surface area is X, and wherein a light emitting surface is a top surface of the light emitting device that is not covered by a contact;
applying an etch-inhibiting pattern on the light emitting surface to create the not roughened surface area, wherein the not roughened surface area relative to the roughened surface area is Y.