Internally controllable fuel cell
Fuel cell and/or high-pressure electrolysis cell and a fuel cell membrane arrangement for improved control of a fuel cell by an actuator connected to the fuel cell membrane.
1. A fuel cell membrane unit for use between an anode and a cathode in a fuel cell, wherein the fuel cell membrane unit comprises:
a fuel cell membrane, and
an actuator, which is connected to the fuel cell membrane and is configured to control a current density distribution in the fuel cell membrane.
2. The fuel cell membrane unit according to claim 1 , wherein the actuator comprises a grid for generating at least one of an electrical field and a magnetic field.
3. The fuel cell membrane unit according to claim 2 , wherein at least a portion of the grid structure is embedded in the fuel cell membrane.
4. The fuel cell membrane unit according to claim 1 , wherein the actuator comprises a horizontal grid and a vertical grid, wherein the horizontal grid is arranged so that it is rotated by essentially 90° relative to the vertical grid.
5. The fuel cell membrane unit according to claim 4 , wherein the horizontal grid and the vertical grid lie directly one above the other.
6. The fuel cell membrane unit according to claim 4 , wherein the horizontal grid and the vertical grid are arranged on opposite surfaces of the fuel cell membrane.
7. The fuel cell membrane unit according to claim 4 , wherein at least one of the horizontal grid and the vertical grid is constructed as a grid having a plurality of piezo elements connected in parallel.
8. The fuel cell membrane unit according to claim 1 , wherein the actuator comprises a piezo element which is designed to generate at least one of an electrical field and a magnetic field under the influence of pressure to control the fuel cell membrane.
9. The fuel cell membrane unit according to claim 1 , wherein the actuator comprises a semiconductor layer and an optical fiber, such that the optical fiber is designed to generate at least one of an electrical field and a magnetic field on a p-n structure of the semiconductor layer with a photoelectric effect for controlling the fuel cell membrane.
10. The fuel cell membrane unit according to claim 1 , wherein the actuator comprises at least one field effect transistor structure which is designed to control at least one of an electrical field and a magnetic field via a gate for controlling the fuel cell membrane.
11. A fuel cell comprising
an anode,
a cathode,
a fuel cell membrane unit arranged between the anode and the cathode according to claim 1 for operation with energy flow primarily chemically to secondarily electrically.
12. A high-pressure electrolysis cell comprising
an anode,
a cathode,
a fuel cell membrane unit arranged between the anode and the cathode according to claim 1 for operation with energy flow primarily electrically to secondarily chemically.