ORGANOIDS COMPRISING DECELLULARIZED AND REPOPULATED PLACENTAL VASCULAR SCAFFOLD

1 . An organoid, comprising one or more types of cells, and comprising decellularized placental vascular scaffold, wherein said organoid performs at least one function of an organ, or a tissue from an organ, wherein said at least one function of an organ or tissue from an organ is production of a protein, growth factor, cytokine, interleukin, or small molecule characteristic of at least one cell type from said organ or tissue; and wherein said decellularized placental vascular scaffold comprises substantially intact placental vasculature matrix.

2 .- 5 . (canceled)

6 . The organoid of claim 1 , additionally comprising a synthetic matrix.

7 .- 12 . (canceled)

13 . The organoid of claim 1 , wherein said one or more types of cells comprise natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells, thymocytes, lymphoid cells, epithelial reticular cells, thymic stromal cells, follicular cells, cells that express thyroglobulin, thyroid epithelial cells, parafollicular cells, comprise stem cells or progenitor cells.

14 .- 21 . (canceled)

22 . The organoid of claim 13 , wherein said stem cells or progenitor cells are embryonic stem cells, embryonic germ cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells, tissue plastic-adherent placental stem cells (PDAC®), umbilical cord stem cells, amniotic fluid stem cells, amnion derived adherent cells (AMDACs), osteogenic placental adherent cells (OPACs), adipose stem cells, limbal stem cells, dental pulp stem cells, myoblasts, endothelial progenitor cells, neuronal stem cells, exfoliated teeth derived stem cells, hair follicle stem cells, dermal stem cells, parthenogenically derived stem cells, reprogrammed stem cells, amnion derived adherent cells, hematopoietic stem cells or hematopoietic progenitor cells, tissue culture plastic-adherent CD34 − , CD10 + , CD105 + , and CD200 + placental stem cells, or side population stem cells.

23 .- 28 . (canceled)

29 . The organoid of claim 1 , wherein said organoid comprises differentiated cells.

30 . (canceled)

31 . The organoid of claim 29 , wherein said differentiated cells comprise endothelial cells, epithelial cells, dermal cells, endodermal cells, mesodermal cells, fibroblasts, osteocytes, chondrocytes, natural killer cells, dendritic cells, hepatic cells, pancreatic cells, stromal cells, salivary gland mucous cells, salivary gland serous cells, von Ebner's gland cells, mammary gland cells, lacrimal gland cells, ceruminous gland cells, eccrine sweat gland dark cells, eccrine sweat gland clear cells, apocrine sweat gland cells, gland of Moll cells, sebaceous gland cells. bowman's gland cells, Brunner's gland cells, seminal vesicle cells, prostate gland cells, bulbourethral gland cells, Bartholin's gland cells, gland of Littre cells, uterus endometrium cells, isolated goblet cells, stomach lining mucous cells, gastric gland zymogenic cells, gastric gland oxyntic cells, pancreatic acinar cells, paneth cells, type II pneumocytes, clara cells,

somatotropes, lactotropes, thyrotropes, gonadotropes, corticotropes, intermediate pituitary cells, magnocellular neurosecretory cells, gut cells, respiratory tract cells, thyroid epithelial cells, parafollicular cells, parathyroid gland cells, parathyroid chief cell, oxyphil cell, adrenal gland cells, chromaffin cells, Leydig cells, theca interna cells, corpus luteum cells, granulosa lutein cells, theca lutein cells, juxtaglomerular cell, macula densa cells, peripolar cells, mesangial cell,

blood vessel and lymphatic vascular endothelial fenestrated cells, blood vessel and lymphatic vascular endothelial continuous cells, blood vessel and lymphatic vascular endothelial splenic cells, synovial cells, serosal cell (lining peritoneal, pleural, and pericardial cavities), squamous cells, columnar cells, dark cells, vestibular membrane cell (lining endolymphatic space of ear), stria vascularis basal cells, stria vascularis marginal cell (lining endolymphatic space of ear), cells of Claudius, cells of Boettcher, choroid plexus cells, pia-arachnoid squamous cells, pigmented ciliary epithelium cells, nonpigmented ciliary epithelium cells, corneal endothelial cells, peg cells,

respiratory tract ciliated cells, oviduct ciliated cell, uterine endometrial ciliated cells, rete testis ciliated cells, ductulus efferens ciliated cells, ciliated ependymal cells,

epidermal keratinocytes, epidermal basal cells, keratinocyte of fingernails and toenails, nail bed basal cells, medullary hair shaft cells, cortical hair shaft cells, cuticular hair shaft cells, cuticular hair root sheath cells, hair root sheath cells of Huxley's layer, hair root sheath cells of Henle's layer, external hair root sheath cells, hair matrix cells,

surface epithelial cells of stratified squamous epithelium, basal cell of epithelia, urinary epithelium cells,

auditory inner hair cells of organ of Corti, auditory outer hair cells of organ of Corti, basal cells of olfactory epithelium, cold-sensitive primary sensory neurons, heat-sensitive primary sensory neurons, Merkel cells of epidermis, olfactory receptor neurons, pain-sensitive primary sensory neurons, photoreceptor rod cells, photoreceptor blue-sensitive cone cells, photoreceptor green-sensitive cone cells, photoreceptor red-sensitive cone cells, proprioceptive primary sensory neurons, touch-sensitive primary sensory neurons, type I carotid body cells, type II carotid body cell (blood pH sensor), type I hair cell of vestibular apparatus of ear (acceleration and gravity), type II hair cells of vestibular apparatus of ear, type I taste bud cells

cholinergic neural cells, adrenergic neural cells, peptidergic neural cells,

inner pillar cells of organ of Corti, outer pillar cells of organ of Corti, inner phalangeal cells of organ of Corti, outer phalangeal cells of organ of Corti, border cells of organ of Corti, Hensen cells of organ of Corti, vestibular apparatus supporting cells, taste bud supporting cells, olfactory epithelium supporting cells, Schwann cells, satellite cells, enteric glial cells,

astrocytes, neurons, oligodendrocytes, spindle neurons,

anterior lens epithelial cells, crystallin-containing lens fiber cells,

hepatocytes, adipocytes, white fat cells, brown fat cells, liver lipocytes,

kidney glomerulus parietal cells, kidney glomerulus podocytes, kidney proximal tubule brush border cells, loop of Henle thin segment cells, kidney distal tubule cells, kidney collecting duct cells, type I pneumocytes, pancreatic duct cells, nonstriated duct cells, duct cells, intestinal brush border cells, exocrine gland striated duct cells, gall bladder epithelial cells, ductulus efferens nonciliated cells, epididymal principal cells, epididymal basal cells,

ameloblast epithelial cells, planum semilunatum epithelial cells, organ of Corti interdental epithelial cells, loose connective tissue fibroblasts, corneal keratocytes, tendon fibroblasts, bone marrow reticular tissue fibroblasts, nonepithelial fibroblasts, pericytes, nucleus pulposus cells, cementoblast/cementocytes, odontoblasts, odontocytes, hyaline cartilage chondrocytes, fibrocartilage chondrocytes, elastic cartilage chondrocytes, osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts, osteoprogenitor cells, hyalocytes, stellate cells (ear), hepatic stellate cells (Ito cells), pancreatic stelle cells,

red skeletal muscle cells, white skeletal muscle cells, intermediate skeletal muscle cells, nuclear bag cells of muscle spindle, nuclear chain cells of muscle spindle, satellite cells, ordinary heart muscle cells, nodal heart muscle cells, Purkinje fiber cells, smooth muscle cells, myoepithelial cells of iris, myoepithelial cell of exocrine glands,

reticulocytes, megakaryocytes, monocytes, connective tissue macrophages. epidermal Langerhans cells, dendritic cells, microglial cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, mast cell, helper T cells, suppressor T cells, cytotoxic T cell, natural Killer T cells, B cells, natural killer cells,

melanocytes, retinal pigmented epithelial cells,

oogonia/oocytes, spermatids, spermatocytes, spermatogonium cells, spermatozoa, ovarian follicle cells, Sertoli cells, thymus epithelial cell, and/or interstitial kidney cells.

32 . (canceled)

33 . (canceled)

34 . The organoid of claim 1 , wherein said cells have been genetically engineered to produce a protein or polypeptide not naturally produced by the cell, or have been genetically engineered to produce a protein or polypeptide in an amount greater than that naturally produced by the cell, wherein said cellular composition comprises differentiated cells.

35 . The organoid of claim 34 , wherein said protein or polypeptide is a cytokine or a peptide comprising an active part thereof.

36 . The organoid of claim 35 , wherein said cytokine is adrenomedullin (AM), angiopoietin (Ang), bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), erythropoietin (Epo), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GNDF), granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), growth differentiation factor (GDF-9), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), hepatoma derived growth factor (HDGF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF), migration-stimulating factor, myostatin (GDF-8), myelomonocytic growth factor (MGF), nerve growth factor (NGF), placental growth factor (PlGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), thrombopoietin (Tpo), transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-α), TGF-β, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), or a Wnt protein.

37 . (canceled)

38 . The organoid of claim 34 , wherein said protein or polypeptide is a soluble receptor for AM, Ang, BMP, BDNF, EGF, Epo, FGF, GNDF, G-CSF, GM-CSF, GDF-9, HGF, HDGF, IGF, migration-stimulating factor, GDF-8, MGF, NGF, PlGF, PDGF, Tpo, TGF-α, TGF-β, TNF-α, VEGF, or a Wnt protein; an interleukin; a soluble receptor for IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1F1, IL-1F2, IL-1F3, IL-1F4, IL-1F5, IL-1F6, IL-1F7, IL-1F8, IL-1F9, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-11, IL-12 35 kDa alpha subunit, IL-12 40 kDa beta subunit, IL-13, IL-14, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, IL-17B, IL-17C, IL-17D, IL-17E, IL-17F isoform 1, IL-17F isoform 2, IL-18, IL-19, IL-20, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23 p19 subunit, IL-23 p40 subunit, IL-24, IL-25, IL-26, IL-27B, IL-27-p28, IL-28A, IL-28B, IL-29, IL-30, IL-31, IL-32, IL-33, IL-34, IL-35, IL-36α, IL-36β, IL-36γ; an interferon (IFN); a soluble receptor for IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-γ, IFN-λ1, IFN-λ2, IFN-λ3, IFN-K, IFN-ε, IFN-κ, IFN-τ, IFN-δ, IFN-ζ, IFN-ω, or IFN-v; insulin or proinsulin; a receptor for insulin; leptin (LEP); erythropoietin; thrombopoietin; tyrosine 3-monooxygenase; a hormone or prohormone; cytochrome P450 side chain cleavage enzyme (P450SCC); or a protein missing or malfunctioning in an individual who has a genetic disorder or disease.

39 . (canceled)

40 . (canceled)

41 . The organoid of claim 38 , wherein said interleukin is interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1α), IL-1β, IL-1F1, IL-1F2, IL-1F3, IL-1F4, IL-1F5, IL-1F6, IL-1F7, IL-1F8, IL-1F9, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IL-11, IL-12 35 kDa alpha subunit, IL-12 40 kDa beta subunit, both IL-12 alpha and beta subunits, IL-13, IL-14, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17A, IL-17B, IL-17C, IL-17D, IL-17E, IL-17F isoform 1, IL-17F isoform 2, IL-18, IL-19, IL-20, IL-21, IL-22, IL-23 p19 subunit, IL-23 p40 subunit, IL-23 p19 subunit and IL-23 p40 subunit together, IL-24, IL-25, IL-26, IL-27B, IL-27-p28, IL-27B and IL-27-p28 together, IL-28A, IL-28B, IL-29, IL-30, IL-31, IL-32, IL-33, IL-34, IL-35, IL-36α, IL-36β, IL-36γ.

42 .- 45 . (canceled)

46 . The organoid of claim 38 , wherein said interferon is IFN-α, IFN-β, IFN-γ, IFN-λ1, IFN-λ2, IFN-λ3, IFN-K, IFN-ε, IFN-κ, IFN-τ, IFN-δ, IFN-ζ, IFN-ω, or IFN-v.

47 .- 64 . (canceled)

65 . The organoid of claim 38 , wherein said hormone is antimullerian hormone (AMH), adiponectin (Acrp30), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), angiotensin (AGT), angiotensinogen (AGT), antidiuretic hormone (ADH), vasopressin, atrial-natriuretic peptide (ANP), calcitonin (CT), cholecystokinin (CCK), corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH), erythropoietin (Epo), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone, estrogen, gastrin (GRP), ghrelin, glucagon (GCG), gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), growth hormone (GH), growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH), human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), human placental lactogen (HPL), inhibin, leutinizing hormone (LH), melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH), orexin, oxytocin (OXT), parathyroid hormone (PTH), prolactin (PRL), relaxin (RLN), secretin (SCT), somatostatin (SRIF), thrombopoietin (Tpo), thyroid-stimulating hormone (Tsh), and/or thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH).

66 .- 68 . (canceled)

69 . The organoid of claim 1 , wherein said organoid comprises an immune suppressive compound or an anti-inflammatory compound.

70 . The organoid of claim 69 , wherein said compound is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), acetaminophen, naproxen, ibuprofen, acetylsalicylic acid, a steroid, an anti-T cell receptor antibody, an anti-IL-2 receptor antibody, basiliximab, daclizumab (ZENAPAX®), anti T cell receptor antibodies (e.g., Muromonab-CD3), azathioprine, a corticosteroid, cyclosporine, tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, sirolimus, calcineurin inhibitors, and the like. In a specific embodiment, the immumosuppressive agent is a neutralizing antibody to macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α or MIP-1β.

71 . The organoid of claim 1 , wherein said organoid performs at least one function of a liver, kidney, pancreas, thyroid or lung.

72 . The organoid of claim 1 , comprising pituitary gland acidophil cells, pituitary basophil cells, pituitary gland acidophil cells and basophil cells, pituitary somatotropes, pituitary mammotrophs, pituitary corticotrophs, pituitary thyrotrophs, pituitary gonadotrophs, or two or more of pituitary somatotrophs, pituitary mammotrophs, pituitary corticotrophs, pituitary thyrotrophs, and/or pituitary gonadotrophs.

73 .- 107 . (canceled)

108 . The organoid of claim 1 , wherein said organoid comprises parathyroid chief cells, parathyroid oxyphil cells, both parathyroid chef cells and parathyroid oxyphil cells.

109 .- 113 . (canceled)

114 . The organoid of claim 1 , wherein said organoid comprises adrenal gland zona glomerulosa cells, adrenal gland fasciculate cells, adrenal gland zona reticulata cells, and/or adrenal gland chromaffin cells; or wherein said organoid comprises hepatic vessel endothelial cells, pancreatic alpha cells, pancreatic beta cells, pancreatic delta cells, pancreatic PP cells, pancreatic epsilon cells, and/or two or more of pancreatic alpha cells, pancreatic beta cells, pancreatic delta cells, pancreatic PP cells, and/or pancreatic epsilon cells.

115 .- 132 . (canceled)

133 . The organoid of claim 1 , wherein said organoid comprises cells that produce one or more of coagulation factor I (fibrinogen); coagulation factor II (prothrombin); coagulation factor V (factor five); coagulation factor VII (proconvertin); coagulation factor IX (Christmas factor); coagulation factor X (Stuart-Prower factor; prothrombinase); coagulation factor XI (plasma thromboplastin antecedent); protein C (autoprothrombin IIA; blood coagulation factor XIV), protein S, antithrombin, IGF-1 or thrombopoietin.

134 .- 194 . (canceled)