Patch antenna arrangement

1. Patch antenna assembly comprising:

a patch antenna,

the patch antenna comprising a dielectric having a length, a width and a height,

on the upper side of the dielectric, a patch electrode is provided in a patch electrode surface,

on the underside of the dielectric, a ground plane is provided,

the patch electrode is galvanically or capacitively supplied with power via at least one feed line,

in the longitudinal and width directions, the dielectric is larger than the longitudinal and width extension of the patch electrode surface located on the upper side of the dielectric,

the patch electrode surface is provided so as to be surrounded by an annular or frame patch electrode under formation of an annular patch antenna,

between the patch electrode surface and the annular or frame patch electrode surrounding the patch electrode surface, a space or gap for galvanic separation is provided,

the patch electrode is at least one of designed and powered such that it can generate or receive a left- or right-circularly polarized electromagnetic wave,

the annular or frame patch electrode surrounding the patch electrode surface is designed such that it can at least one of transmit and receive oppositely polarized electromagnetic waves,

an attachment patch is provided,

the attachment patch is arranged opposite the dielectric with spacing from the patch electrode surface and with spacing from the annular or frame patch electrode,

in the longitudinal and transverse directions, the attachment patch has an extension such that said attachment patch covers both the patch electrode surface and the annular or frame patch electrode at least in part to provide non-contact capacitive coupling between the patch electrode surface and the annular patch electrode surface, the attachment patch and the active patch electrode forming a plate capacitor through which energy is transferred via the attachment patch between the active patch electrode and the annular patch electrode.

2. Patch antenna assembly according to claim 1 , wherein the patch electrode surface and the annular or frame patch electrode are in a common plane.

3. Patch antenna assembly according to claim 1 , further comprising a film arranged between the patch electrode surface and the annular or frame patch electrode on one hand and the attachment patch on the other.

4. Patch antenna assembly according to claim 1 , wherein, in two opposite corner regions, the patch electrode is provided with a flat edge or bevel, an angular recess made at least in a corner region, an extension projecting diagonally in the corner region or a slot-shaped or rectangular recess which extends diagonally in plan view.

5. Patch antenna assembly according to claim 1 , wherein the patch electrode comprises, at a side portion, a portion projecting over at least part of the length thereof, at one or more side portions, an inwardly extending rectangular recess or rectangular elongate slot in an inner region of the patch electrode surface.

6. Patch antenna assembly according to claim 4 , wherein a feed-in point of that at least one feed line, in a plan view of the patch electrode based on an axis passing through a center of the patch electrode at a center point, is arranged such that it is turned by 45° relative to a direction vector which extends through said center point and is oriented towards a recess.

7. Patch antenna assembly according to claim 1 , wherein the patch electrode surface has a polarization plane, the annular or frame patch electrode has a polarization plane, and at least one feed line comprises first and second feed lines which supply power to the patch electrode, the first and second feed lines being offset by 90°, the first and second feed lines having feed points that are in the region of the polarization planes.

8. Patch antenna assembly according to claim 1 , wherein a galvanic through-connection is provided through the dielectric between the ground plane provided on the underside of the dielectric and the attachment patch, and is galvanically separated from the patch electrode, the feed-in point of the through-connection being offset by 90° from a feed-in point of the at least one feed line on the patch electrode in a plan view of the attachment patch based on a center point of the patch electrode or of the attachment patch or of the dielectric.

9. Patch antenna assembly according to claim 1 , wherein the patch electrode is configured to transmit or receive left-circularly polarized electromagnetic waves, and the annular or frame patch electrode surrounding the patch electrode is configured to transmit or receive right-circularly polarized waves.

10. Patch antenna assembly according to at least claim 1 , wherein the patch electrode has a resonance frequency for receiving SDARS or SIRIUSXM® services and the annular or frame patch electrode, as an antenna, has a resonance frequency for receiving geostationary satellite signals, for receiving GPS satellite signals.

11. Patch antenna assembly according to claim 1 , wherein the annular or frame patch electrode has an inner boundary edge which is substantially parallel to an outwardly-pointing boundary edge of the patch electrode.

12. Patch antenna assembly according to claim 1 , wherein the annular or frame patch electrode has an outer boundary edge which is rectangular or square or is substantially rectangular or square.

13. Patch antenna assembly according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one feed line is galvanically or capacitively connected to the patch electrode.

14. Patch antenna assembly according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one feed line comprises two feed lines having feed points which are mutually offset by 90° in a plan view of the patch electrode.

15. Patch antenna assembly according to claim 1 , wherein the attachment patch is structured as an electrically conductive layer, as a metal sheet or as an electrically conductive film.

16. Patch antenna assembly according to claim 1 , wherein the attachment patch is bonded to the upper side of the dielectric by an adhesive film that is adhesive on both sides so as to overlap with the patch electrode and the annular or frame patch electrode surrounding the patch electrode surface.

17. Patch antenna assembly according to claim 1 , wherein the dielectric projects beyond the annular or frame patch electrode in a longitudinal and transverse direction, on each side thereof by at least 10% and less than 50% of the maximum longitudinal or transverse extension length of the annular or frame patch electrode.

18. Patch antenna assembly according to claim 1 , wherein the attachment patch overlaps with the upper side of the dielectric in its entirety.

19. Patch antenna assembly according to claim 1 , wherein a ground plane counterpoise surface is formed on the underside of the dielectric.

20. Patch antenna assembly according to claim 1 , wherein the longitudinal and transverse extension of the attachment patch corresponds at least to the longitudinal and transverse extension of the patch electrode positioned therebelow.

21. Patch antenna assembly according to claim 1 , wherein the attachment patch is provided with at least one opening or recess or a recess extending inwards from a peripheral edge thereof.

22. Patch antenna assembly according to claim 1 , wherein the attachment patch is circular, square, rectangular or in the shape of a regular polygon in plan view.

23. Patch antenna assembly according to claim 1 , wherein the attachment patch has a peripheral edge, attachment patch flanks being disposed over at least a portion of the attachment patch peripheral edge, at least one part of the attachment patch flanks being oriented so as to extend perpendicular to the patch electrode surface or is provided with step-shaped or angular projections, at least one part of which is directed away from the patch electrode or at least one part of which is oriented to extend towards the patch electrode surface.

24. Patch antenna assembly according to claim 1 , wherein a further dielectric is provided between the patch electrode and the attachment patch, the further dielectric comprising a plastic or ceramic adhesive film.

25. Patch antenna assembly according to at least claim 1 , wherein the attachment patch is galvanically connected to the annular or frame patch electrode, via a side portion provided over the entire periphery or in portions thereof, to provide capacitive coupling only between the attachment patch and the patch electrode.

26. Patch antenna assembly according to claim 1 , wherein the attachment patch is galvanically connected to the patch electrode or transitions, from the patch electrode via a stepped shoulder or an obliquely extending flange, into the attachment patch which is offset from the patch electrode, providing a capacitive coupling only between the attachment patch and the annular or frame patch electrode.

27. Patch antenna assembly according to claim 1 wherein the attachment patch comprises a passive patch antenna assembly, wherein the attachment patch and the patch electrode, which is structured to be active, form a plate capacitor through which energy from the patch electrode is transferred without contact to the annular or frame patch electrode.

28. Patch antenna comprising:

a dielectric substrate having an upper side and an underside,

a ground plane disposed on the dielectric substrate underside,

an active patch electrode comprising a patch electrode surface disposed on the dielectric substrate upper side, the patch electrode being structured to at least one of generate and receive electromagnetic waves circularly polarized in a first direction,

an annular patch antenna comprising an annular patch electrode surface disposed on the dielectric substrate upper side and at least in part surrounding the patch electrode surface, a galvanic separation spacing being provided between the annular patch electrode and the patch electrode surface, the annular patch electrode being structured to at least one of generate and receive electromagnetic waves circularly polarized in a second direction opposite the first direction,

at least one feed line structured to capactively or galvanically feed the patch electrode, and

a passive attachment patch spaced apart from and above each of the patch electrode surface and the annular patch electrode, the passive attachment patch being dimensioned and positioned to at least in part cover both the patch electrode surface and the annular patch electrode surface to provide non-contact capacitive coupling between the patch electrode surface and the annual patch electrode surface, the passive attachment patch and the active patch electrode forming a plate capacitor through which energy is transferred via the passive attachment patch between the active patch electrode and the annular patch electrode.

29. Patch antenna according to claim 28 , wherein said passive attachment patch completely covers the galvanic separation spacing between the annular patch electrode and the patch electrode surface.

30. Patch antenna according to claim 28 , wherein the passive attachment patch is a single unitary structure.

31. Patch antenna according to claim 28 , wherein the passive attachment patch defines a continuous coupling surface opposing both the annular patch electrode and the patch electrode surface, the continuous coupling surface having no gap therein.

32. Patch antenna according to claim 28 , wherein said passive attachment patch has a unitary surface that commonly feeds both the annular patch electrode surface and the patch electrode surface by at least partially overlapping both the annular patch electrode surface and the patch electrode surface.

33. Patch antenna assembly according to claim 1 , wherein said attachment patch completely covers the space or gap.

34. Patch antenna assembly according to claim 1 , wherein the attachment patch is a single unitary structure.

35. Patch antenna assembly according to claim 1 , wherein said attachment patch defines an RF coupling surface that continuously overlaps both the patch electrode and the annular or frame patch electrode with no gap therein.

36. Patch antenna assembly according to claim 1 , wherein said attachment patch commonly capactively couples both the patch electrode surface and the annular or frame patch electrode by at least partially overlapping both the patch electrode surface and the annular or frame patch electrode.