Spheroidal graphite cast iron having excellent strength and toughness and its production method
A spheroidal graphite cast iron having (a) a composition comprising by mass 3.4-4% of C, 1.9-2.8% of Si, 0.02-0.06% of Mg, 0.2-1% of Mn, 0.2-2% of Cu, 0-0.1% of Sn, 0.85-3% of (Mn+Cu+10×Sn), 0.05% or less of P, and 0.02% or less of S, the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities, and (b) a duplex matrix structure comprising by area 2-40% of fine ferrite phases and 60-98% of fine pearlite phases, the maximum length of the ferrite phases being 300 μm or less, and (c) the pearlite phases being formed around graphite particles dispersed in the duplex matrix structure.
1. A spheroidal graphite cast iron having excellent strength and toughness, which has
(a) a composition comprising by mass 3.4-4% of C, 1.9-2.8% of Si, 0.02-0.06% of Mg, 0.2-1% of Mn, 0.2-2% of Cu, 0.85-3% of (Mn+Cu), 0.05% or less of P, and 0.02% or less of S, the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities, wherein Sn is not present in the composition; and
(b) a duplex matrix structure comprising by area 2-40% of fine ferrite phases and 60-98% of fine pearlite phases, the maximum length of said ferrite phases being 300 μm or less; and
(c) said pearlite phases being formed around graphite particles dispersed in said duplex matrix structure.
2. The spheroidal graphite cast iron having excellent strength and toughness according to claim 1 , wherein the number ratio of graphite particles each having a pearlite-surrounded ratio (defined as a percentage of the total length of peripheral portions of each graphite particle in contact with pearlite phases to its entire peripheral length) of 50-95% is 50% or more based on the total number of graphite particles per a unit area.
3. The spheroidal graphite cast iron having excellent strength and toughness according to claim 1 , which has tensile strength of 650 MPa or more, and impact strength of 30 J/cm 2 or more by a notchless Charpy impact test at −30° C.
4. A method for producing a spheroidal graphite cast iron having excellent strength and toughness comprising the steps of
(1) casting and solidifying a melt having a composition comprising by mass 3.4-4% of C, 1.9-2.8% of Si, 0.02-0.06% of Mg, 0.2-1% of Mn, 0.2-2% of Cu, 0.85-3% of (Mn+Cu), 0.05% or less of P, and 0.02% or less of S, the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities, wherein Sn is not present in the composition; and
(2) conducting a heat treatment comprising a step (i) of holding the resultant casting at a temperature at which an entire matrix of the casting is austenized, to form fine austenite crystal grains, which are transformed to pearlite crystal grains by cooling, and a step (ii) of cooling the casting at a cooling rate of forming fine ferrite phases in a predetermined temperature range within a temperature span in which eutectoid transformation occurs, thereby forming a duplex matrix structure comprising by area 2-40% of fine ferrite phases and 60-98% of fine pearlite phases, the maximum length of said ferrite phases being 300 μm or less, and said pearlite phases being formed around graphite particles dispersed in said duplex matrix structure.
5. The method for producing a spheroidal graphite cast iron having excellent strength and toughness according to claim 4 , wherein fine austenite crystal grains are formed at a temperature of 800-865° C. in 5-30 minutes; wherein said predetermined temperature range within a eutectoid-transformation-causing temperature span is 750-670° C.; and wherein said cooling rate in the predetermined temperature range within a eutectoid-transformation-causing temperature span is 1-20° C./minute.