Chromium-based reflective coating
A chromium-based reflective coating for a polymeric substrate, wherein the coating has a thickness of 200 nm or less and is an alloy of chromium and a dopant material, the dopant material being selected from the hexagonally close-packed transition metals, the alloy having a crystal structure of a primary body-centered cubic phase in coexistence with a secondary omega hexagonally close-packed phase.
1. A chromium-based reflective coating for a polymeric substrate, wherein the coating has a thickness of 200 nm or less and is an alloy of chromium and a dopant material, the dopant material being selected from the hexagonally close-packed transition metals, the alloy having a crystal structure of a primary body-centered cubic phase in coexistence with a secondary omega hexagonally close-packed phase; wherein the alloy is a binary alloy of chromium and the dopant material, and wherein the atomic percentage of the dopant material in the binary alloy is in the range of from about 1.9 at.% to about 5.8 at.%.
2. A chromium-based reflective coating according to claim 1 , wherein the thickness of the coating is selected from (a) a coating of 100 nm or less; (b) a coating in the range of from 40 nm to 80 nm; (c) a coating being in the range of from 50 nm to 70 nm; and (d) a coating of about 60 nm.
3. A polymeric substrate coated with the chromium-based reflective coating of claim 1 .
4. A coated polymeric substrate according to claim 3 , wherein the polymeric substrate is formed from a material selected from the group of polyacrylate, polyester, polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamides, polyimides, polycarbonate, epoxy, phenolic, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene, acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylates, acetal, polycarbonate, poly (2,2′-dihydroxyphenylpropane) carbonate, polydiethyleneglycol bis(allyl carbonate), polymethylmethacrylate and polystyrene, and blends thereof.
5. A coated polymeric substrate according to claim 3 , wherein the polymeric substrate includes a pre-coated film in the form of either a hardcoat, an inorganic oxide, or a thin metal film, or a combination of such pre-coated films.
6. A chromium-based reflective coating according to claim 1 , wherein the coating exhibits an abrasion resistance percentage greater than 100%, where 100% abrasion resistance is defined as the abrasion of a chromium nitride coating on an identical substrate.
7. A chromium-based reflective coating according to claim 1 , wherein the dopant material is selected from the hexagonally close-packed transition metals of zirconium, titanium, cobalt, hafnium, rubidium, yttrium and osmium.
8. A chromium-based reflective coating according to claim 7 , wherein the dopant material is selected from the hexagonally close-packed transition metals zirconium, titanium, and cobalt.
9. A chromium-based reflective coating according to claim 8 , wherein the alloy is a binary alloy and the dopant material is selected from:
zirconium, with the atomic percentage of the zirconium in the binary alloy being in the range of from about 4.5 at.% to about 5.8 at.%;
titanium, with the atomic percentage of the titanium in the binary alloy being in the range of from about 1.9 at.% to about 5.8 at.%; and
cobalt, with the atomic percentage of the cobalt in the binary alloy being in the range of from about 1.9 at.% to 5.7 at.%.
10. A polymeric substrate coated with the chromium-based reflective coating of claim 8 .
11. A method of forming a chromium-based reflective coating on a polymeric substrate, the method including applying chromium and a dopant material to the polymeric substrate by physical vapour deposition, the dopant material being selected from the hexagonally close-packed transition metals, to form an alloy coating having a thickness of 200 nm or less, and the alloy coating being applied so as to have a crystal structure of a primary body-centered cubic phase in coexistence with a secondary omega hexagonally close-packed phase; wherein the alloy is a binary alloy of chromium and the dopant material, and wherein the atomic percentage of the dopant material in the binary alloy is in the range of from about 1.9 at.% to about 5.8 at.%.
12. A method according to claim 11 , wherein the dopant material is selected from the hexagonally close-packed transition metals zirconium, titanium, cobalt, hafnium, rubidium, yttrium and osmium.
13. A method according to claim 12 , wherein the dopant material is selected from the hexagonally close-packed transition metals zirconium, titanium and cobalt.
14. A method according to claim 11 , wherein the alloy is a binary alloy and the dopant material is selected from:
zirconium, with the atomic percentage of the zirconium in the binary alloy being in the range of from about 4.5 at.% to about 5.8 at.%;
titanium, with the atomic percentage of the titanium in the binary alloy being in the range of from about 1.9 at.% to about 5.8 at.%; and
cobalt, with the atomic percentage of the cobalt in the binary alloy being in the range of from about 1.9 at.% to 5.7 at.%.
15. A method according to claim 11 , wherein the thickness of the coating is selected from (a) a coating of 100 nm or less; (b) a coating in the range of from 40 nm to 80 nm; (c) a coating being in the range of from 50 nm to 70 nm; and (d) a coating of about 60 nm.
16. A method according to claim 11 , wherein the physical vapour deposition is conducted by magnetron sputtering, utilizing a target system selected from (a) a primary alloy target or (b) two alloy targets, each of the two alloy targets being made from one of the chromium or the dopant material.
17. A method according to claim 11 , wherein the physical vapour deposition is conducted by using thermal evaporation or e-beam evaporation.
18. A polymeric substrate coated in accordance with the method of claim 11 .
19. A polymeric substrate coated in accordance with the method of claim 13 .