Functionalized particulate support material and methods of making and using the same
Functionalized particulate support material and chromatographic media prepared therefrom are disclosed. The functionalized particulate support material is a plurality of particles, each particle having a particle surface. Chemically bonded to and extending from the surface of the particles is a combination of hydrophobic and hydrophilic functional groups. The hydrophobic functional groups enable polymerization of one or more monomers onto the particle surface while the hydrophilic functional groups provide increased wettability of the particle surface compared to an unmodified particle surface. The functionalized particulate support material may be further processed so as to form polymer chains extending from the hydrophobic functional groups. In one embodiment, the resulting polymer functionalized material is useful as a chromatographic media in chromatography columns or cartridges, such as in a liquid chromatography (HPLC) column. Chromatography columns or cartridges containing the polymer functionalized media, and methods of making and using the media, are also disclosed.
1. A polymer containing material comprising a functionalized particulate support material comprising:
a silica gel particle having a particle surface and exhibiting a particle size from about 10 μm to about 120 μm;
a first surface functionalizing compound covalently bonded directly to and extending from the particle surface, wherein the first surface functionalizing compound is the reaction product of a first functional group on a first silane, one or more alkenyl monomers, and a spacer monomer, wherein the first functional group is selected from the group consisting of vinyl groups, allyl groups, acryl groups, methacryl groups, and a combination of any two or more thereof;
a second surface functionalizing compound covalently bonded directly onto the particle surface, wherein the second surface functionalizing compound is the reaction product of a second silane with hydroxyl groups on the particle surface, and the second surface functionalizing compound provides a set of functional groups comprising hydrophilic functional groups and extends from the particle surface;
wherein the first silane and the second silane are different;
wherein said first surface functionalizing compound and said second surface functionalizing compound are different; and
wherein the first silane reacts with hydroxyl groups on the particle surface so as to be covalently bonded directly to and extending from the particle surface prior to reaction between the first functional group on the first silane and the one or more alkenylmonomers and the spacer monomer.
2. A polymer containing material comprising the functionalized particulate support material of claim 1 , wherein the spacer monomer is an anionic or cationic monomer.
3. A polymer containing material comprising the functionalized particulate support material of claim 1 , wherein said one or more alkenyl monomers comprises 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid, and said spacer monomer comprises methylenebisacrylamide.
4. The polymer containing material of claim 1 , wherein said silica gel particle has a particle size ranging from about 20 μm to about 120 μm, and a median pore size of at least 150 Å.
5. The polymer containing material of claim 1 , wherein said set of functional groups comprises hydroxyl groups, diol groups, oxyethylene groups, polyethylene groups, carboxylic acid groups, or any combination thereof.
6. The polymer containing material of claim 1 , wherein the carbon content of the (i) first surface functionalizing compound and (ii) the second surface functionalizing compound covalently bonded directly onto said particle surface is less than or equal to about 2.0 percent by weight of the polymer containing material.
7. The polymer containing material of claim 1 , wherein said first silane comprises (3-trimethoxysilyl) propyl) methacrylate, and said second silane comprises (3-glycidyloxypropyl) trimethoxysilane.
8. The polymer containing material of claim 1 , wherein (i) said first functional group comprises a vinyl group, and (ii) said set of functional groups comprises hydroxyl groups or diol groups.