Methods for recovering and/or removing reagents from porous media

1. A method for dissolving, displacing, extracting, recovering, and/or removing a solvent and solvent-associated liquids trapped within pores of a solvent-treated material selected from the group consisting of a solvent-treated rubber, a solvent-treated plastic, and a solvent-treated combination thereof, comprising the steps of:

a) providing a solvent-extracting composition,

b) contacting said solvent-treated material with said solvent-extracting composition such that said solvent-extracting composition penetrates into pores of said solvent-treated material,

c) forming a recovery mixture, wherein the recovery mixture comprises at least a portion of the solvent and solvent-associated liquids extracted into the solvent-extracting composition; and

d) separating the recovery mixture from material that is not extracted into the solvent-extracting composition,

wherein said solvent-extracting composition comprises an alcohol.

2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the step of:

separating the recovery mixture into a first portion and a second portion, the first portion comprising a solvent product stream that includes at least a portion of the solvent and any solvent-associated liquids extracted from the pores of the solvent-treated material, the second portion comprising at least a portion of the solvent-extracting composition.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said solvent is a turpentine liquid, an alkane, an aromatic, an aliphatic amine, an aromatic amine, carbon bisulfide or a mixture thereof.

4. The method of claim 3 , wherein said turpentine liquid is selected from the group consisting of natural turpentine, synthetic turpentine, mineral turpentine, pine oil, alpha-pinene, beta-pinene, alpha-terpineol, beta-terpineol, gamma-terpineol, 3-carene, anethole, dipentene (p-mentha-1,8-diene), terpene resins, alpha-terpene, beta-terpene, gamma terpene, nopol, pinane, camphene, p-cymene, anisaldehyde, 2-pinane hydroperoxide, 3,7-dimethyl-1,6-octadiene, isobornyl acetate, terpin hydrate, ocimene, 2-pinanol, dihydromyrcenol, isoborneol, alloocimene, alloocimene alcohols, geraniol, 2-methoxy-2,6-dimethyl-7,8-epoxyoctane, camphor, p-menthan-8-ol, alpha-terpinyl acetate, citral, citronellol, 7-methoxydihydrocitronellal, 10-camphorsulphonic acid, p-menthene, p-menthan-8-yl acetate, citronellal, 7-hydroxydihydrocitronellal, menthol, menthone, polymers thereof, and mixtures thereof.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein said solvent-extracting composition comprises one or more acyclic or cyclic alcohols.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said solvent-extracting composition comprises methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, isobutanol, pentanol, 1-Pentanol, 3-Methyl-1-butanol, 2-Methyl-1-butanol, 2,2-Dimethyl-1-propanol, 3-Pentanol, 2-Pentanol, 3-Methyl-2-butanol, 2-Methyl-2-butanol, hexanol, 1-Hexanol, 2-Hexanol, 3-Hexanol, 2-Methyl-1-pentanol, 3-Methyl-1-pentanol, 4-Methyl-1-pentanol, 2-Methyl-2-pentanol, 3-Methyl-2-pentanol, 4-Methyl-2-pentanol, 2-Methyl-3-pentanol, Tertiary 3-Methyl-3-pentanol, Primary 2,2-Dimethyl-1-butanol, 2,3-Dimethyl-1-butanol, 3,3-Dimethyl-1-butanol, 2,3-Dimethyl-2-butanol, 3,3-Dimethyl-2-butanol, 2-Ethyl-1-butanol, lower aliphatic alcohols or a mixture thereof.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein said solvent-extracting composition comprises methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol, isobutanol, pentanol, hexanol, or a mixture thereof.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein said solvent-extracting composition further comprises a second liquid selected from alkanes, aromatics, aliphatic amines, aromatic amines, carbon bisulfide, vegetable oils, solvents manufactured in petroleum refining, dry distilling coal, fractionating liquefied coal, and fractionating extracted hydrocarbons from tar (oil) sands and oil shale, or a mixture thereof.

9. The method of claim 8 , the ratio of alcohol in the solvent-extracting composition to the second liquid is greater than or equal to about 1:1 by volume.

10. The method of claim 1 , wherein said solvent-treated material is contacted with said solvent-extracting composition in a ratio range of about 1:6 to 6:1 by weight.

11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the solvent-treated material is contacted with said solvent-extracting composition in a ratio of about 1:4 to 2:1 by weight.

12. The method of claim 10 , wherein the solvent-treated material is contacted with said solvent-extracting composition in a ratio of about 1:3 to 1:1 by weight.

13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the amount of the solvent-extracting composition in said recovery mixture is about 10 to about 2500 wt. % of the solvent-treated material.

14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the amount of the solvent-extracting composition in said recovery mixture is about 30 to about 200 wt. % of the solvent-treated material.

15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the amount of the solvent-extracting composition in said recovery mixture is about 50 to about 150 wt. % of the solvent-treated material.

16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the amount of the solvent-extracting composition in said recovery mixture is about 100 wt. % of the solvent-treated material.

17. The method of claim 1 , wherein said contacting is carried out at a temperature within the range of about 2° C. to about 400° C.

18. The method of claim 17 , wherein said contacting is carried out at a temperature within the range of about 15° C. to about 150° C.

19. The method of claim 1 , wherein said solvent-treated material is contacted with said solvent-extracting composition for 1 to 300 minutes.

20. The method of claim 19 , wherein said solvent-treated material is contacted with said solvent-extracting composition for 5 to 60 minutes.

21. The method of claim 1 , wherein said contacting step (b) is repeated 1 to 10 times step (c).

22. The method of claim 1 , wherein said solvent-extracting composition comprises at least 10% alcohol.

23. The method of claim 1 , wherein said solvent-extracting composition comprises at least 50% alcohol.

24. The method of claim 1 , wherein said solvent-extracting composition comprises at least 90% alcohol.

25. The method of claim 1 , wherein said contacting extracts at least 50% of solvent and any solvent-associated liquids contained within said solvent-treated material before said contacting.

26. The method of claim 25 , wherein said contacting extracts at least 80% of solvent and any solvent-associated liquids contained within said solvent—treated material before said contacting.

27. The method of claim 1 , wherein said contacting further comprises boiling and refluxing said solvent-extracting composition.

28. The method of claim 1 , wherein said method comprises contacting said solvent-treated material with a substantially non-aqueous solvent-extracting composition.

29. The method of claim 1 , wherein said method does not involve the use of water or an emulsion.

30. The method of claim 1 , wherein said method does not involve the use of salt or salt solution.

31. The method of claim 1 , wherein said solvent-extracting composition comprises a surfactant.

32. The method of claim 1 , wherein said solvent-extracting composition is surfactant-free or substantially surfactant-free.

33. The method of claim 1 , wherein said solvent-extracting composition is micelle-free or substantially micelle-free.

34. The method of claim 1 , wherein said solvent is a decant oil, a light cycle oil, naphta, benzene, naphthalene, toluene, pentane, heptane, hexane, xylene, anthracene, tetraline, triethylamine, aniline, carbon bisulfide, or a mixture thereof.